Mechanisms of Estrogen Influence on Skeletal Muscle: Mass, Regeneration, and Mitochondrial Function
AbstractHuman menopause is widely associated with impaired skeletal muscle quality and significant metabolic dysfunction. These observations pose significant challenges to the quality of life and mobility of the aging population, and are of relevance when considering the significantly greater losses in muscle mass and force-generating capacity of muscle from post-menopausal females relative to age-matched males. In this regard, the influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle has become evident across human, animal, and cell-based studies. Beneficial effects of estrogen have become apparent in mitigation of muscle injury and e...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 25, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Author ’s Reply to Prado: Comment on “Challenging Aspects of Research on the Influence of the Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptives on Physical Performance”
(Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Achieving Consensus Through a Modified Delphi Technique to Create the Post-concussion Collegiate Return-to-Learn Protocol
ConclusionThere are several unique challenges when assisting university students back to the classroom after SRC. Explicit guidelines on when to seek additional medical care (e.g., if they are experiencing worsening or persistent symptoms) and how to approach their instructor(s) regarding academic support may help the student self-advocate. Findings from the present study address barriers and provide a framework for universities to facilitate a multidisciplinary approach amongst medical and academic stakeholders. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Quantifying the Generality of Strength Adaptation: A Meta-Analysis
ConclusionThe results of our meta-analysis suggest that strength increases in both the specific and non-specific strength tests. However, the smaller effect size associated with non-specific strength suggests that it will be difficult for a single study to meaningfully investigate the transfer of strength training adaptions. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
The Athlete Gut Microbiome and its Relevance to Health and Performance: A Review
AbstractThe human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that play an important role in human health, influencing functions such as vitamin uptake, digestion and immunomodulation. While research of the gut microbiome has expanded considerably over the past decade, some areas such as the relationship between exercise and the microbiome remain relatively under investigated. Despite this, multiple studies have shown a potential bidirectional relationship between exercise and the gut microbiome, with some studies demonstrating the possibility of influencing this relationship. This, in turn, could provide a use...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Comment on “Challenging Aspects of Research on the Influence of the Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptives on Physical Performance”
(Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Performance Adaptations to Intensified Training in Top-Level Football
AbstractBecause physical demands are surging in football (soccer, USA), clubs are more and more seeking players who have a high capacity to perform repeated intense exercise. High-intensity interval training (HIIT), comprising exercise performed at intensities near or exceeding the capacity of aerobic energy systems, effectively enhances the physical conditioning of players. But given that HIIT imposes high loads, it increases the risk of overload-associated match performance decline and injury. This makes some coaches inclined to conduct HIIT in the weeks leading up to the season and during the season. Therefore, the chal...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Relevance and Effectiveness of Combined Resistance and Balance Training to Improve Balance and Muscular Fitness in Healthy Youth and Youth Athletes: A Scoping Review
ConclusionsAccording to the results of this scoping review, balance training should be an essential training component for youth that is incorporated with the resistance training exercises or introduced at least a month before resistance and plyometric training within a periodized training program. More research is needed to examine the moderating roles of age, maturity status, and sex. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 15, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Investigating the Effect of Return-to-Play Timing After Injury on Performance: Does the Analysis Answer the Research Objective?
AbstractReturn-to-play decision making should be based on all the advantages and disadvantages of return to play for athletes, not just the risk of injury. For competitive athletes, this includes the effect of early versus delayed return to sport on performance. In this paper, we address the questions “How can I estimate the effect of injury on the individual’s performance at return to play?” and “What is the effect of delaying return to sport on the individual’s performance?”. To address these questions, we describe (1) some foundational concepts, design and analytical challenges rel ated to estimating the cau...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 15, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Acknowledgement to Referees
As we piece together the final issue for the year, we would like to take this opportunity to thank all those who have contributed to Sports Medicine over the past 12 months. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 11, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Influence of Resistance Training Proximity-to-Failure on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
ConclusionOverall, our main findings suggest that (i) there is no evidence to support that resistance training performed to momentary muscular failure is superior to non-failure resistance training for muscle hypertrophy and (ii) higher velocity loss thresholds, and theoretically closer proximities-to-failure do not always elicit greater muscle hypertrophy. As such, these results provide evidence for a potential non-linear relationship between proximity-to-failure and muscle hypertrophy. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 5, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Kinematic and Kinetic Gait Characteristics in People with Patellofemoral Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
ConclusionA limited number of biomechanical differences exist when comparing people with and without PFP, mostly characterized by small-to-moderate effect sizes. People with PFP ambulate slower, with lower cadence and a shortened stride length, greater contralateral pelvic drop, and lower knee flexion angles and knee extension moments. It is unclear whether these features are present prior to PFP onset or occur as pain-compensatory movement strategies given the lack of prospective data.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO # CRD42019080241. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 5, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Quantifying Exposure and Intra-Individual Reliability of High-Speed and Sprint Running During Sided-Games Training in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
ConclusionsThis review is the first to provide a detailed synthesis of exposure and intra-individual reliability of high-speed and sprint running during soccer sided games. Our estimates, along with the moderating influence of common programming variables such as velocity thresholds, area per player, and game orientation should be considered for informed planning of small-sided games, medium-sided games, and large-sided games soccer training.Clinical Trial RegistrationOpen Science Framework available throughhttps://osf.io/a4xr2/. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 4, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
NAD+ Therapeutics and Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Exercise in Humans
AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a vital energy intermediate in skeletal muscle. The discovery of dietary-derived NAD+ precursors has led to the rapid development of NAD+ therapeutics designed to manipulate NAD+ content in target tissues. Of those developed, nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide have been reported to display health benefit in humans under clinical scenarios of NAD+ deficiency. In contrast, relatively little is known regarding the potential benefit of nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in healthy individuals, with questions remaining as t...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 4, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Pharmacological Blockade of Muscle Afferents and Perception of Effort: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
ConclusionsThe heterogeneity in results between groups reveals that the inclusion of perceptions other than effort in its rating influences the ratings of perceived effort reported by the participants. The absence of decreased ratings of perceived effort in theeffort dissociated group suggests that muscle afferent feedback is not a sensory signal for the perception of effort. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 1, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
