Relating American Football Age of First Exposure to Patient-Reported Outcomes and Medical Diagnoses Among Former National Football League Players: An NFL-LONG study
ConclusionsAFE was significantly associated with PROMIS outcomes, albeit low-strength associations (i.e., effect sizes), but not with diagnoses. Our findings indicate AFE is a significant but minor contributing factor for health-related quality of life in this cohort. Future work should incorporate additional characterizations of cumulative head impacts and related factors when examining long-term outcomes associated with football participation. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - December 7, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Mental Performance and Sport: Caffeine and Co-consumed Bioactive Ingredients
AbstractThe plant defence compound caffeine is widely consumed as a performance enhancer in a sporting context, with potential benefits expected in both physiological and psychological terms. However, although caffeine modestly but consistently improves alertness and fatigue, its effects on mental performance are largely restricted to improved attention or concentration. It has no consistent effect within other cognitive domains that are important to sporting performance, including working memory, executive function and long-term memory. Although caffeine ’s central nervous system effects are often attributed to blockade...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 30, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Diet and Nutraceuticals for Mental and Physical Performance in Athletes
(Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 30, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Mechanisms for Combined Hypoxic Conditioning and Divergent Exercise Modes to Regulate Inflammation, Body Composition, Appetite, and Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Narrative Review
AbstractObesity is a major global health issue and a primary risk factor for metabolic-related disorders. While physical inactivity is one of the main contributors to obesity, it is a modifiable risk factor with exercise training as an established non-pharmacological treatment to prevent the onset of metabolic-related disorders, including obesity. Exposure to hypoxia via normobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude via reduced inspired oxygen fraction), termed hypoxic conditioning, in combination with exercise has been increasingly shown in the last decade to enhance blood glucose regulation and decrease the body mass index, pro...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 28, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Clinical Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Leg: A Delphi Analysis
ConclusionThe Delphi panel reached consensus on key criteria for signs and symptoms of CECS and several aspects for conservative and surgical treatment. The panel did not agree on the role of ICP values in the diagnostic process, postoperative rehabilitation guidelines protocol, or the preferred treatment approach for recurrent or residual disease. These aspects serve as a first attempt to initiate simple guidelines for clinical practice. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 25, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Mechanisms of Estrogen Influence on Skeletal Muscle: Mass, Regeneration, and Mitochondrial Function
AbstractHuman menopause is widely associated with impaired skeletal muscle quality and significant metabolic dysfunction. These observations pose significant challenges to the quality of life and mobility of the aging population, and are of relevance when considering the significantly greater losses in muscle mass and force-generating capacity of muscle from post-menopausal females relative to age-matched males. In this regard, the influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle has become evident across human, animal, and cell-based studies. Beneficial effects of estrogen have become apparent in mitigation of muscle injury and e...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 25, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Author ’s Reply to Prado: Comment on “Challenging Aspects of Research on the Influence of the Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptives on Physical Performance”
(Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Achieving Consensus Through a Modified Delphi Technique to Create the Post-concussion Collegiate Return-to-Learn Protocol
ConclusionThere are several unique challenges when assisting university students back to the classroom after SRC. Explicit guidelines on when to seek additional medical care (e.g., if they are experiencing worsening or persistent symptoms) and how to approach their instructor(s) regarding academic support may help the student self-advocate. Findings from the present study address barriers and provide a framework for universities to facilitate a multidisciplinary approach amongst medical and academic stakeholders. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Quantifying the Generality of Strength Adaptation: A Meta-Analysis
ConclusionThe results of our meta-analysis suggest that strength increases in both the specific and non-specific strength tests. However, the smaller effect size associated with non-specific strength suggests that it will be difficult for a single study to meaningfully investigate the transfer of strength training adaptions. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
The Athlete Gut Microbiome and its Relevance to Health and Performance: A Review
AbstractThe human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that play an important role in human health, influencing functions such as vitamin uptake, digestion and immunomodulation. While research of the gut microbiome has expanded considerably over the past decade, some areas such as the relationship between exercise and the microbiome remain relatively under investigated. Despite this, multiple studies have shown a potential bidirectional relationship between exercise and the gut microbiome, with some studies demonstrating the possibility of influencing this relationship. This, in turn, could provide a use...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Comment on “Challenging Aspects of Research on the Influence of the Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptives on Physical Performance”
(Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 18, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Performance Adaptations to Intensified Training in Top-Level Football
AbstractBecause physical demands are surging in football (soccer, USA), clubs are more and more seeking players who have a high capacity to perform repeated intense exercise. High-intensity interval training (HIIT), comprising exercise performed at intensities near or exceeding the capacity of aerobic energy systems, effectively enhances the physical conditioning of players. But given that HIIT imposes high loads, it increases the risk of overload-associated match performance decline and injury. This makes some coaches inclined to conduct HIIT in the weeks leading up to the season and during the season. Therefore, the chal...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 16, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Relevance and Effectiveness of Combined Resistance and Balance Training to Improve Balance and Muscular Fitness in Healthy Youth and Youth Athletes: A Scoping Review
ConclusionsAccording to the results of this scoping review, balance training should be an essential training component for youth that is incorporated with the resistance training exercises or introduced at least a month before resistance and plyometric training within a periodized training program. More research is needed to examine the moderating roles of age, maturity status, and sex. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 15, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Investigating the Effect of Return-to-Play Timing After Injury on Performance: Does the Analysis Answer the Research Objective?
AbstractReturn-to-play decision making should be based on all the advantages and disadvantages of return to play for athletes, not just the risk of injury. For competitive athletes, this includes the effect of early versus delayed return to sport on performance. In this paper, we address the questions “How can I estimate the effect of injury on the individual’s performance at return to play?” and “What is the effect of delaying return to sport on the individual’s performance?”. To address these questions, we describe (1) some foundational concepts, design and analytical challenges rel ated to estimating the cau...
Source: Sports Medicine - November 15, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Acknowledgement to Referees
As we piece together the final issue for the year, we would like to take this opportunity to thank all those who have contributed to Sports Medicine over the past 12 months. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - November 11, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
