Periodic Leg Movements During Sleep
Periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) are a frequent finding in nocturnal sleep registrations that include tibialis anterior electromyographic signals. Different PLMS scoring rules exist and can have a major impact on PLMS frequency, which tends to be underappreciated. There is no consistent evidence that frequent PLMS are a causal risk factor for clinically significant outcomes. Several critical open questions are identified that need to be addressed, including but not limited to the consideration of the full range of all sleep-related leg movement activity. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - May 11, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Stephany Fulda Source Type: research
Sleep and Epilepsy, Clinical Spectrum and Updated Review
Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording is essential in the evaluation of complex movement and behaviors during sleep, but in particular for differentiating epileptic versus nonepileptic events. In general, epileptiform discharges occur with greater density in the first few nonerapid eye movement cycles, and approximately 12% to 20% of seizures occur exclusively at night. This review examines the epilepsy types and syndromes whose presentation is strongly influenced by the sleep state, with an appraisal about the role that sleep plays in facilitating seizures, while deleaneatign EEG findings and clinical manifestation. The re...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - May 11, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Ting Wu, Alon Y. Avidan, Jerome Engel Source Type: research
Restless Sleep Disorder
Restless sleep disorder is (RSD) a condition characterized by frequent large movements during sleep associated with daytime impairment. RSD has been studied in children aged 6 to 18 years. Polysomnography is necessary for the diagnosis of RSD. The current diagnostic criteria include more than 5 large movements per hour of sleep documented by PSG. The pathophysiology is not known yet, but iron deficiency and sleep instability and increased sympathetic activation are suspected to play a role. Iron supplementation is the only treatment option studied so far. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - May 11, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Lourdes M. DelRosso, Rosalia Silvestri, Raffaele Ferri Source Type: research
Preface
Traditionally, sleep was considered a period of brain inactivity characterized by an overall reduction of the main neural functions. However, this concept changed following the discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the middle of the last century. During REM sleep, the brain is active while the rest of the body is paralyzed: sleep is not a uniform state, but a dual state of REM and non-REM sleep. As sleep deepens, muscle tone gradually decreases, becoming markedly diminished during REM sleep. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - May 11, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Diego Garcia-Borreguero Source Type: research
Movement Disorders in Sleep
SLEEP MEDICINE CLINICS (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - May 11, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Diego Garcia-Borreguero Source Type: research
Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - May 11, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Forthcoming Issues
Sleep Medicine: Current Challenges and its Future (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - May 11, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Contributors
TEOFILO LEE-CHIONG, Jr., MD (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - May 11, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Contents
Diego Garcia-Borreguero (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - May 11, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Restless Legs Syndrome - Clinical Features
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common neurologic conditions, with an estimated prevalence in European and North American heritage populations of about 2% to 5%. Because RLS diagnosis is essentially clinical, a careful evaluation of the symptoms is mandatory. It is important to exclude RLS mimics and evaluate factors that could exacerbate RLS symptoms. It is mandatory to evaluate systemic iron parameters, because the initial treatment depends on this result. Other complementary tests could help support the diagnosis or exclude mimics. The decision about when and how to treat should be carefully tailored to ...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - April 23, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Celia Garcia-Malo, Sofia Romero-Peralta, Irene Cano-Pumarega Source Type: research
Restless Legs Syndrome- Clinical Features
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common neurologic conditions, with an estimated prevalence in European and North American heritage populations of about 2% to 5%. Because RLS diagnosis is essentially clinical, a careful evaluation of the symptoms is mandatory. It is important to exclude RLS mimics and evaluate factors that could exacerbate RLS symptoms. It is mandatory to evaluate systemic iron parameters, because the initial treatment depends on this result. Other complementary tests could help support the diagnosis or exclude mimics. The decision about when and how to treat should be carefully tailored to ...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - April 23, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Celia Garcia-Malo, Sofia Romero-Peralta, Irene Cano-Pumarega Source Type: research
Restless Legs Syndrome. Clinical Features
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common neurologic conditions, with an estimated prevalence in European and North American heritage populations of about 2% to 5%. Because RLS diagnosis is essentially clinical, a careful evaluation of the symptoms is mandatory. It is important to exclude RLS mimics and evaluate factors that could exacerbate RLS symptoms. It is mandatory to evaluate systemic iron parameters, because the initial treatment depends on this result. Other complementary tests could help support the diagnosis or exclude mimics. The decision about when and how to treat should be carefully tailored to ...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - April 23, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Celia Garcia-Malo, Sofia Romero-Peralta, Irene Cano-Pumarega Source Type: research
The Clinical Evaluation of Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
This article is a comprehensive review of the clinical evaluation of sleep-related movement disorders. In this review, the authors present a practical approach to help clinicians identify the “pattern recognition” of movement and behavior disorders during sleep, with the process of translating a particular movement that occurs when asleep, with clinically classifying disorders, and with obtaining an etiologic diagnosis. The aim is not to provide an exhaustive review of the literature , but to concentrate on the most important symptoms, so the clinical approach can be improved and the best choices can be made during the...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - April 17, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Samantha S. Anguizola E, Laura M. Botta P, Andrea Castro-Villaca ñas, Diego García-Borreguero Source Type: research
Sleep Bruxism
The vision of adult sleep bruxism (SB) has changed over time. Thus, among the most important concomitant factors of SB noted are the pathophysiological aspect, namely sleep arousal, obstructive sleep apnea, gastroesophageal pH/gastroesophageal reflux disease, and the use or abuse of certain substances. The aim of this article was to review the main clinically relevant pathophysiological SB-associated factors and a proposal for a diagnostic process. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - April 17, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Thomas Bornhardt, Veronica Iturriaga Source Type: research
Restless Legs Syndrome: Challenges to Treatment
For a long time, dopaminergic treatment (DT) was the medication for restless legs syndrome. Although DT is effective and safe over the short-term, complications develop over longer periods, including augmentation, tolerance, and impulse control disorders. Nowadays, it is recommended that first-line treatment should be alpha-2 ligands, which are more effective in the absence of previous DT. As a second-line treatment, opioids, such as oxycodone extended-release with naloxone, are approved in Europe. Brain iron should be monitored before and during treatment and corrected if necessary. Two new promising non-DTs are being dev...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - April 15, 2021 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Laura Botta, Samantha Anguizola, Andrea Castro-Villaca ñas, Diego Garcia-Borreguero Source Type: research
