Drugs Used in Narcolepsy and Other Hypersomnias
Lifestyle adjustment, in combination with symptomatic pharmacologic treatment, allows most patients, particularly those with an inability to stay awake during the day, to live a relatively normal life. New pharmacologic substances show encouraging results in phase 2 and 3 studies to improve the current situation. More dedicated studies in IH, particularly in those who suffer from an increased need for sleep, are needed. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Gert Jan Lammers Source Type: research
Sleep and Cognition
Little is known regarding sleep ’s association with the traditional developmental course of late-life cognitive functioning. As the number of older adults increases worldwide, an enhanced understanding of age-related changes in sleep and cognition is necessary to slow decline and promote optimal aging. This review synthesizes th e extant literature on sleep and cognitive function in healthy older adults, older adults with insomnia, and older adults with sleep apnea, incorporating information on the potential promising effects of treating poor sleep on cognitive outcomes in older adults. Unifying theories of the sleep-cog...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Joseph M. Dzierzewski, Elliottnell Perez, Scott G. Ravyts, Natalie Dautovich Source Type: research
Circadian Rhythm Sleep –Wake Disorders in Older Adults
The timing, duration, and consolidation of sleep result from the interaction of the circadian timing system with a sleep –wake homeostatic process. When aligned and functioning optimally, this allows for wakefulness throughout the day and a long consolidated sleep episode at night. Changes to either the sleep regulatory process or how they interact can result in an inability to fall asleep at the desired time, diffi culty remaining asleep, waking too early, and/or difficulty remaining awake throughout the day. This mismatch between the desired timing of sleep and the ability to fall asleep and remain asleep is a hallmark...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Jee Hyun Kim, Alexandria R. Elkhadem, Jeanne F. Duffy Source Type: research
Sleep in Normal Aging
Sleep is a key determinant of healthy and cognitive aging. Sleep patterns change with aging, independent of other factors, and include advanced sleep timing, shortened nocturnal sleep duration, increased frequency of daytime naps, increased number of nocturnal awakenings and time spent awake during the night, and decreased slow-wave sleep. The sleep-related hormone secretion changes with aging. Most changes seem to occur between young and middle adulthood; sleep parameters remain largely unchanged among healthy older adults. The circadian system and sleep homeostatic mechanisms become less robust with normal aging. The cau...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Junxin Li, Michael V. Vitiello, Nalaka S. Gooneratne Source Type: research
The Effects of Insomnia and Sleep Loss on Cardiovascular Disease
Sleep loss has negative impacts on quality of life, mood, cognitive function and heath. Insomnia or difficulty sleeping is also a prevalent issue, affecting up to 35% of the population at some point in their lives. Insomnia is linked to poor mood, increased use of health care resources, and decreased quality of life as well as possible links to cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Studies have shown an increase in cortisol levels, decreased immunity, and increased markers of sympathetic activity in sleep-deprived healthy subjects and those with chronic insomnia. The literature also shows that subjective complaints cons...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Meena S. Khan, Rita Aouad Source Type: research
Sleep-Wake Neurochemistry
Behavioral states naturally alternate between wakefulness and the sleep phases rapid eye movement and nonrapid eye movement sleep. Waking and sleep states are complex processes that are elegantly orchestrated by spatially fine-tuned neurochemical changes of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators including glutamate, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, hypocretin, melanin concentrating hormone, adenosine, and melatonin. However, as highlighted in this brief overview, no single neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, but rather their complex interactions within organized neuronal e...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Sebastian C. Holst, Hans-Peter Landolt Source Type: research
Insomnia in the Older Adult
Although insomnia is not a normal part of the aging process, its prevalence increases with age. Factors such as medications and medical and psychiatric disorders can increase the risk for insomnia. In order to diagnose insomnia, it is important for older adults to complete comprehensive sleep and health histories. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, which includes stimulus control, sleep restriction, sleep hygiene, and cognitive therapy, is the recommended first-line treatment of insomnia and is more effective that medications for the long-term management of insomnia. Medications such as benzodiazepines and antidepr...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Glenna S. Brewster, Barbara Riegel, Philip R. Gehrman Source Type: research
Sleep and Athletic Performance
Sleep health is an important consideration for athletic performance. Athletes are at high risk of insufficient sleep duration, poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and fatigue, suboptimal sleep schedules, irregular sleep schedules, and sleep and circadian disorders. These issues likely have an impact on athletic performance via several domains. Sleep loss and/or poor sleep quality can impair muscular strength, speed, and other aspects of physical performance. Sleep issues can also increase risk of concussions and other injuries and impair recovery after injury. Cognitive performance is also impacted in several domains, i...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Jonathan Charest, Michael A. Grandner Source Type: research
Sleep Medicine: Its Imperfect Past
It could be said that the past of Sleep Medicine is forgettable: as with life in general, it is sometimes easy to forget what brought us to today and simply ignore the past. It would be a mistake not to learn from the past journey, as it took a lot of courage, dedication, and determination from many scientists and clinicians to help develop this eclectic field and bring Sleep Medicine to what it is today. Unfortunately, much of the past of Sleep Medicine has already been forgotten or has never really been learned by the new generation of professionals working in or joining the field. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Ana C. Krieger, Teofilo Lee-Chiong Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Commemorative Issue: 15 Years of the Sleep Medicine Clinics - Part 1: Sleep and Sleep Disorders
SLEEP MEDICINE CLINICS (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Ana c. Krieger, Teofilo Lee-Chiong Source Type: research
Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Forthcoming Issues
Commemorative Issue: 15 years of the Sleep Medicine Clinics, Part 2: Medication and treatment effect on sleep disorders (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Contributors
TEOFILO LEE-CHIONG Jr, MD (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Contents
Ana C. Krieger and Teofilo Lee-Chiong Jr. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - June 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Epidemiology of Insomnia
This article summarizes epidemiologic evidence on insomnia, including the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors, as well as its course and consequences. Approximately 10% of the adult population suffers from an insomnia disorder and another 20% experiences occasional insomnia symptoms. Women, older adults, and people with socioeconomic hardship are more vulnerable to insomnia. Insomnia is often a chronic condition, with a 40% persistence rate over a 5-year period. Insomnia is a significant public health problem that should be addressed at the individual level with appropriate clinical care and at the population level wit...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - April 23, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Charles M. Morin, Denise C. Jarrin Source Type: research
