Precision Medicine for Idiopathic Hypersomnia
Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) includes a clinical phenotype resembling narcolepsy (with repeated, short restorative naps), and a phenotype with an excess of sleep, sleep drunkenness, drowsiness, and infrequent long, nonrestorative naps. Sleep tests reflect this heterogeneity. MSLTs are greater than 8 min in 2/3 of the cases and poorly repeatable. Sleep excess is better captured by extended monitoring identifying 11 to 16h of sleep/24 h. Patients with IH are young and more often female. Possible mechanisms of IH include deficiencies in arousal systems, inappropriate stimulation of sleep-induci ng systems, and long biologic...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 7, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Isabelle Arnulf, Smaranda Leu-Semenescu, Pauline Dodet Source Type: research
Sleep Medicine: The Uncertain Future
The future of sleep medicine is yet to come. Today ’s perspectives for a bright future will eventually arrive, and the closer we get to that future, the faster it will come to meet us. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 7, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Ana C. Krieger, Teofilo Lee-Chiong Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Prescription Drugs Used in Insomnia
In insomnia, the subjective aspects of the sleep complaint are paramount in the diagnostic criteria. Epidemiologic studies increasingly point to a link between insomnia and somatic morbidity and mortality, but until now, only in the subgroup of objectively poor sleepers. Although pharmacologic treatment might offer some benefits to this subgroup of insomnia patients, to date, there is no evidence that hypnotics can ameliorate their health risks. Further unraveling of the neurobiology and genetics of sleep regulation and the pathophysiology of insomnia will help the development of drugs that not only improve subjective slee...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Sylvie Dujardin, Angelique Pijpers, Dirk Pevernagie Source Type: research
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in School-Aged Children and Adolescents
One of the most prevalent sleep disorders in children and adolescents is “insomnia,” which can be briefly described as problems with initiating and/or maintaining sleep with associated daytime consequences. These are typical insomnia symptoms, and when experienced for long enough and when they interfere with an important area of the young person’s life (eg, schooli ng), then a diagnosis of an insomnia disorder may be warranted. The authors strongly urge the scientific community to conduct further controlled trials, including dismantling trials that evaluate the relative effectiveness of individual cognitive behaviora...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Julia Dewald-Kaufmann, Ed de Bruin, Gradisar Michael Source Type: research
Drugs Used in Parasomnia
Parasomnias, especially disorders of arousal during childhood, are often relatively benign and transitory and do not usually require a pharmacologic therapy. A relevant aspect in both nonrapid eye movement and rapid eye movement parasomnia treatment is to prevent sleep-related injuries by maintaining a safe environment. Physicians should always evaluate the possible presence of favoring and precipitating factors (sleep disorders and drugs). A pharmacologic treatment may be indicated in case of frequent, troublesome, or particularly dangerous events. The aim of this article is to review current available evidence on pharmac...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Paola Proserpio, Michele Terzaghi, Raffaele Manni, Lino Nobili Source Type: research
Drugs Used in Circadian Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disturbances
This article focuses on melatonin and other melatonin receptor agonists and summarizes their circadian phase shifting and sleep-enhancing properties, along with their associated possible safety concerns. The circadian system and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders are described, along with the latest American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendations for the use of exogenous melatonin in treating them. In addition, the practical aspects of using exogenous melatonin obtainable over the counter in the United States, consideration of the effects of concomitant light exposure, and assessing treatment response are discussed. ...
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Helen J. Burgess, Jonathan S. Emens Source Type: research
Pharmacologic Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a unique physiologic state whose characteristics often predispose women to new-onset sleep disturbances or exacerbations of preexisting sleep disorders. Pregnancy-related factors that can disrupt sleep include heartburn, nocturnal oxytocin secretion, nocturia, and fetal movement. Sleep disorders in pregnancy include insomnia (primary and secondary), restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Laura P. McLafferty, Meredith Spada, Priya Gopalan Source Type: research
Turning Over a New Leaf —Pharmacologic Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Despite extensive research, there is currently no approved drug for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment. OSA is a heterogeneous condition that involves multiple dominating pathophysiological traits. Drug development in this field needs to address both pathophysiological mechanisms and associated comorbid conditions in order to meet requirements for long-term therapy in OSA. Several drug candidates have been proposed and ongoing phase II trials that target various forms of sleep-disordered breathing have been initiated. The field is moving toward tailored therapeutic approaches in patients with OSA. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Jan Hedner, Ding Zou Source Type: research
Brain Stimulation for Improving Sleep and Memory
Over the past few decades, the importance of sleep has become increasingly recognized for many physiologic functions, including cognition. Many studies have reported the deleterious effect of sleep loss or sleep disruption on cognitive performance. Beyond ensuring adequate sleep quality and duration, discovering methods to enhance sleep to augment its restorative effects is important to improve learning in many populations, such as the military, students, age-related cognitive decline, and cognitive disorders. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Roneil G. Malkani, Phyllis C. Zee Source Type: research
Hypnotic Discontinuation in Chronic Insomnia
This article discusses strategies to discontinue hypnotics and evidence supporting their use. (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Jonathan P. Hintze, Jack D. Edinger Source Type: research
Commemorative Issue: 15 Years of the Sleep Medicine Clinics Part 2: Medication and Treatment Effect on Sleep Disorders
SLEEP MEDICINE CLINICS (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Authors: Ana C. Krieger, Teofilo Lee-Chiong Source Type: research
Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Forthcoming Issues
A review of PAP therapy for the treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Contributors
TEOFILO LEE-CHIONG Jr, MD (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Contents
Ana C. Krieger and Teofilo Lee-Chiong Jr (Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics)
Source: Sleep Medicine Clinics - September 1, 2022 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
