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“Oxygen in the neonatal period: oxidative stress, oxygen load and epigenetic changes.”
Preterm infants frequently require positive pressure ventilation and oxygen supplementation in the first minutes after birth. It has been shown that the amount of oxygen provided during stabilization, the oxygen load, if excessive may cause hyperoxia, and oxidative damage to DNA. Epidemiologic studies have associated supplementation with pure oxygen in the first minutes after birth with childhood cancer. Recent studies have shown that the amount of oxygen supplemented to preterm infants after birth modifies the epigenome. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - January 23, 2020 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Sheila Lorente-Pozo, Anna Parra-Llorca, Inmaculada Lara-Cant ón, Alvaro Solaz, José Luis García-Jiménez, Federico V. Pallardó, Máximo Vento Source Type: research

Oxygen and pulmonary vasodilation: The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress
Respiratory failure complicates up to 2% of live births and contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Under these conditions, supplemental oxygen is required to support oxygen delivery to the brain and other organs, and to prevent hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. However, therapeutic oxygen is also a source of reactive oxygen species that produce oxidative stress, along with multiple intracellular systems that contribute to the production of free radicals in pulmonary endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - January 22, 2020 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Robin H. Steinhorn, Satyan Lakshminrusimha Source Type: research

Small molecule biomarkers for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most deleterious conditions in the perinatal period and the access to small molecule biomarkers aiding accurate diagnosis and disease staging, progress monitoring, and early outcome prognosis could provide relevant advances towards the development of personalized therapies. The emergence of metabolomics, the “omics” technology enabling the holistic study of small molecules, for biomarker discovery employing different analytical platforms, animal models and study populations has drastically increased the number and diversity of small molecules proposed as candidate bio...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - January 22, 2020 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Ángel Sánchez-Illana, José David Piñeiro-Ramos, Julia Kuligowski Source Type: research

Introduction
Oxygen in neonates is both, friend and foe. It may be life-saving in case of (often immaturity-related) respiratory insufficiency, but at the same time may also have an extremely negative impact on critical metabolic pathways simply because the neonatal organism has not yet experienced the need to learn how to cope with the fact that oxygen levels outside the womb are more than 3 times higher than they were during fetal life. The antioxidant defense system matures only late in gestation, and hyperoxia is a metabolic situation that never happens in biology. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - January 22, 2020 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Maximo Vento, Christian F. Poets Source Type: research

OXIDATIVE stress biomarkers in the perinatal period: Diagnostic and prognostic VALUE
Perinatal oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the physiopathology of many pregnancy-related disorders and is largely responsible for cellular, tissue and organ damage that occur in the perinatal period especially in preterm infants, leading to the so-called “free-radicals related diseases of the newborn”. Reliable biomarkers of lipid, protein, DNA oxidation and antioxidant power in the perinatal period have been demonstrated to show specificity for the disease, to have prognostic power or to correlate with disease activity. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - January 21, 2020 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Serafina Perrone, Elisa Laschi, Giuseppe Buonocore Source Type: research