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Diagnostic Approaches to Respiratory Abnormalities in Craniofacial Syndromes
Craniofacial syndromes are a complex cluster of genetic conditions characterized by embryonic perturbations in the developmental trajectory of the upper airway and related structures. The presence of reduced airway size and maladaptive neuromuscular responses, particularly during sleep, leads to significant alterations in sleep architecture and overall detrimental gas exchange abnormalities that can be life-threatening. The common need for multi-stage therapeutic interventions for these craniofacial problems requires careful titration of anatomy and function, and the latter is currently evaluated by overnight polysomnograp...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 17, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: David Gozal Source Type: research

Managing infants with craniofacial malformations � Where to go next?
Treatment of infants with craniofacial malformations, e.g. Robin sequence, is characterized by considerable heterogeneity and a lack of randomized trials to identify an optimal approach. We propose to establish an international register using a common minimal dataset that will better allow for a comparison between key determinants and outcomes in these patients. In infants, this should include an assessment of mandibular micrognathia, glossoptosis, upper airway obstruction, weight gain and mode of feeding. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 16, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Christian F. Poets, Veronique Abadie, Corstiaan Breugem, Colin Wallis, Francois Abel, Christel Chalouhi, Frea Kruisinga, Anna-Lisa Sorg, Cornelia Wiechers Source Type: research

Supporting families in their child's journey with neonatal encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia
Neonates and families face challenges in hypothermic therapy, including trauma to parents, extreme emotions, and unfamiliarity with the medical system. Communication is an essential element to supporting parents while their children are in the NICU, and beyond, building the foundation for the ongoing relationship the family has with the medical system. Significant consideration needs to be given to the critical element of integrating the family into the care of a baby being treated with therapeutic hypothermia. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 16, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Betsy Pilon, Alexa K. Craig, Monica E. Lemmon, Annie Goeller, Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee Source Type: research

Managing infants with craniofacial malformations – where to go next?
Treatment of infants with craniofacial malformations, e.g. Robin sequence, is characterized by considerable heterogeneity and a lack of randomized trials to identify an optimal approach. We propose to establish an international register using a common minimal dataset that will better allow for a comparison between key determinants and outcomes in these patients. In infants, this should include an assessment of mandibular micrognathia, glossoptosis, upper airway obstruction, weight gain and mode of feeding. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 16, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Christian F. Poets, Veronique Abadie, Corstiaan Breugem, Colin Wallis, Francois Abel, Christel Chalouhi, Frea Kruisinga, Anna-Lisa Sorg, Cornelia Wiechers Source Type: research

Genetics of Craniofacial Malformations
The field of craniofacial malformations is comprehensive and does not allow to discuss all craniofacial malformations which have been described as single entities. Many of the syndromes with craniofacial malformations are ultrarare. In this review we have chosen craniofacial malformation syndromes which are of relevance for the pediatrician, especially neonatologist: different types of craniosynostoses, oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, Pierre Robin sequence and Treacher Collins syndrome. These syndromes will be described in detail. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 16, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Ariane Schmetz, Jeanne Amiel, Dagmar Wieczorek Source Type: research

Supporting families in their child's journey with therapeutic hypothermia
Neonates and families face challenges in hypothermic therapy, including trauma to parents, extreme emotions, and unfamiliarity with the medical system. Communication is an essential element to supporting parents while their children are in the NICU, and beyond, building the foundation for the ongoing relationship the family has with the medical system. Significant consideration needs to be given to the critical element of integrating the family into the care of a baby being treated with therapeutic hypothermia. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 16, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Betsy Pilon, Alexa K. Craig, Monica E. Lemmon, Annie Goeller Source Type: research

Management of Seizures in Neonates with Neonatal Encephalopathy Treated with Hypothermia
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is the most common etiology of acute neonatal seizures – about half of neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia for NE have EEG-confirmed seizures. These seizures are best identified with continuous EEG monitoring, as clinical diagnosis leads to under-diagnosis of subclinical seizures and over-treatment of events that are not seizures. High seizu re burden, especially status epilepticus, is thought to augment brain injury. Treatment, therefore, is aimed at minimizing seizure burden. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - September 15, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Oscar DeLaGarza-Pineda, Janette A. Mailo, Geraldine Boylan, Vann Chau, Hannah C. Glass, Amit M. Mathur, Renee Shellhaas, Janet S. Soul, Courtney J. Wusthoff, Taeun Chang, Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee Source Type: research

Hemodynamic optimization for neonates with neonatal encephalopathy caused by a hypoxic ischemic event: Physiological and therapeutic considerations
Neonatal encephalopathy due to a hypoxic-ischemic event is commonly associated with cardiac dysfunction and acute pulmonary hypertension; both therapeutic hypothermia and rewarming modify loading conditions and blood flow. The pathophysiological contributors to disease are complex with a high degree of clinical overlap and traditional bedside measures used to assess circulatory adequacy have multiple confounders. Comprehensive, quantitative echocardiography may be used to delineate the relative contribution of lung parenchymal, pulmonary vascular, and cardiac disease to hypotension and/or hypoxemic respiratory failure. (So...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 12, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Danielle R. Rios, Anie Lapointe, Georg M. Schmolzer, Khorshid Mohammad, Krisa P. VanMeurs, Roberta L. Keller, Arvind Sehgal, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Regan E. Giesinger, Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee Source Type: research

Hemodynamic optimization for neonates with neonatal encephalopathy caused by hypoxic ischemic event: Physiological and therapeutic considerations
Neonatal encephalopathy due to a hypoxic-ischemic event is commonly associated with cardiac dysfunction and acute pulmonary hypertension; both therapeutic hypothermia and rewarming modify loading conditions and blood flow. The pathophysiological contributors to disease are complex with a high degree of clinical overlap and traditional bedside measures used to assess circulatory adequacy have multiple confounders. Comprehensive, quantitative echocardiography may be used to delineate the relative contribution of lung parenchymal, pulmonary vascular, and cardiac disease to hypotension and/or hypoxemic respiratory failure. (So...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 12, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Danielle R. Rios, Anie Lapointe, Georg M. Schmolzer, Khorshid Mohammad, Krisa P. VanMeurs, Roberta L. Keller, Arvind Sehgal, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Regan E. Giesinger, Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee Source Type: research

Placental contribution to neonatal encephalopathy
Placental assessment, although currently underused, can inform our understanding of the etiology and timing of Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE). We review our current understanding of the links between placental dysfunction and NE and how this information may inform clinical decisions, now and in the future, emphasizing the four major placental lesions associated with NE. In addition, we discuss maternal and fetal factors that are hypothesized to contribute to specific placental pathologies, especially innate or acquired thrombophilias. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 9, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Penn AA, Wintermark P, Chalak LF, Armstrong J, Redline R, M.S. Scher, Nelson KB, Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee Source Type: research

Neonatal encephalopathy: Etiologies other than hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) describes the clinical syndrome of a newborn with abnormal brain function that may result from a variety of etiologies. HIE should be distinguished from neonatal encephalopathy due to other causes using data gathered from the history, physical and neurological exam, and further investigations. Identifying the underlying cause of encephalopathy has important treatment implications. This review outlines conditions that cause NE and may be mistaken for HIE, along with their distinguishing clinical features, pathophysiology, investigations, and treatments. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 3, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Sandoval Karamian AG, S. Mercimek-Andrews, Mohammad K, Molloy E, Chang T, Chau V, D.M. Murray, Wusthoff CJ, Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - August 1, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: research

Bedside and Laboratory Neuromonitoring in Neonatal Encephalopathy
Several bedside and laboratory neuromonitoring tools are currently used in neonatal encephalopathy (NE) to assess 1) brain function [amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) and EEG], 2) cerebral oxygenation delivery and consumption [near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)] and 3) blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. The aim of the review is to provide the role of neuromonitoring in understanding the development of brain injury in these newborns and better predict their long-term outcome. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - July 27, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Chalak L, L. Hellstrom-Westas, Bonifacio S, Tsuchida T, Chock V, M. El-Dib, Massaro AN, A. Garcia-Alix, Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Source Type: research

Neurological and developmental outcomes following neonatal encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia
In randomised trials, therapeutic hypothermia is associated with reduced prevalence of the composite outcome mortality or neurodevelopmental morbidity in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy (NE). Following systematic review, the reduction in prevalence of both mortality and infant neuromorbidity is clear. Among three trials reporting school age outcomes, the effects of NE and TH suggest that such benefit persists into middle childhood, but none of the major trials were powered to detect differences in these outcomes. (Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - July 25, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Neil Marlow, Seetha Shankaran, Elizabeth E. Rogers, Nathalie L. Maitre, Christopher D. Smyser, Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee Source Type: research

Need for more evidence in the prevention and management of perinatal asphyxia and neonatal encephalopathy in low and middle-income countries: A call for action
Although low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) shoulder 90% of the neonatal encephalopathy (NE) burden, there is very little evidence base for prevention or management of this condition in these settings. A variety of antenatal factors including socio-economic deprivation, undernutrition and sub optimal antenatal and intrapartum care increase the risk of NE, although little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Implementing interventions based on the evidence from high-income countries to LMICs, may cause more harm than benefit as shown by the increased mortality and lack of neuroprotection with cooling therapy in t...
Source: Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine - July 23, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Vaisakh Krishnan, Vijay Kumar, Gabriel Variane, Waldemar A. Carlo, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, St éphane Sizonenko, Anne Hansen, Seetha Shankaran, Sudhin Thayyil, Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee Source Type: research