Applying Pharmacodynamics and Antimicrobial Stewardship to Pediatric Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis
AbstractOrbital and preseptal cellulitis are most commonly caused by organisms that originate in the upper respiratory tract or from the skin. There is significant variation in antibiotics used, but ampicillin –sulbactam, ceftriaxone, metronidazole, clindamycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanate, cefuroxime, and vancomycin are often used in the treatment of these infections. The choice of antibiotic, however, is only one consideration. It is also important that antibiotics are dosed to optimize the ir pharmacodynamic target attainment. Like other serious infections, therapy can be transitioned from initial intraveno...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - October 13, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Comment on: “Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Children with Cerebral Palsy”
(Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - October 3, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Authors ’ Reply to K. Langdon and Colleagues’ Comment on: “Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Children with Cerebral Palsy”
(Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - October 3, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Drug-Induced Urolithiasis in Pediatric Patients
AbstractDrug-induced nephrolithiasis is a rare condition in children. The involved drugs may be divided into two different categories according to the mechanism involved in calculi formation. The first one includes poorly soluble drugs that favor the crystallization and calculi formation. The second category includes drugs that enhance calculi formation through their metabolic effects. The diagnosis of these specific calculi depends on a detailed medical history, associated comorbidities and the patient ’s history of drug consumption. There are several risk factors associated with drug-induced stones, such as high dose o...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - September 19, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Bullous Diseases in Children: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment Options
AbstractBullous diseases are uncommon in children; however, as they have the potential to affect quality of life, occasionally have long-term side effects in the setting of scarring processes, and carry a rare risk of underlying malignancy [e.g., with paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP)], knowledge of their clinical presentation and treatment options is essential. Given the rarity of these conditions, our current state of knowledge is largely derived from case reports and case series, with a paucity of evidence-based recommendations. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentation of and treatment options for linear immuno...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - September 9, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Canakinumab in Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Single-Center, Retrospective Analysis
ConclusionCanakinumab may be an effective treatment option for pediatric FMF patients with colchicine resistance, renal amyloidosis, and chronic oligoarthritis. Further studies are needed to clarify the efficacy of canakinumab in patients with a second disease, RF-positive polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - August 27, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib Vaccine (Hexyon ® ): An Updated Review of its Use in Primary and Booster Vaccination
AbstractHexyon® is a fully-liquid, ready-to-use, hexavalent vaccine approved in the EU since 2013 for primary and booster vaccination in infants and toddlers from age 6 weeks against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B (HB), poliomyelitis, and invasive diseases caused byHaemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). While the source of HB antigen in Hexyon® is different from other vaccines, the rest of its valences have been extensively used in other approved vaccines. Hexyon® is highly immunogenic for all its component toxoids/antigens when used as primary and booster vaccine in infants and toddlers, irrespective of va...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - August 22, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Drug Dose Selection in Pediatric Obesity: Available Information for the Most Commonly Prescribed Drugs to Children
AbstractObesity rates continue to rise in children, and little guidance exists regarding the need for adjustment away from total body weight-based doses for those prescribing drugs to this population of children. A majority of drugs prescribed to children with obesity result in either sub-therapeutic or supra-therapeutic concentrations, placing these children at risk for treatment failure and drug toxicities. In this review, we highlight available obesity-specific pharmacokinetic and dosing information for the most frequently prescribed drugs to children in the inpatient and outpatient clinical settings. We also comment on...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - August 19, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Oral Lorazepam is not Superior to Placebo for Lowering Stress in Children Before Digestive Endoscopy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
ConclusionsOral lorazepam had no effect on patients ’ preoperative stress, as measured by salivary cortisol, but was associated with a higher rate of comfortable procedures.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov, Identifier NCT03180632. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - August 15, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Good Pharmacovigilance Practice in Paediatrics: An Overview of the Updated European Medicines Agency Guidelines
(Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - August 4, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Children
with Cerebral Palsy
AbstractDuring the past 25 years, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has become the
most widely used medical intervention in children with cerebral palsy. In this
review we consider the gaps in our knowledge in the use of BoNT-A and reasons why
muscle morphology and function in children with cerebral palsy are impaired. We
review limitations in our knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying the
development of contractures and the difficulty in preventing them. It is clear from
this review that injection of BoNT-A in the large muscles of both the upper and
...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - July 31, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
New and Emerging Therapies for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis
AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus, inflammatory erythematous skin lesions, and skin-barrier defect. Current mainstay treatments of emollients, steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and immunosuppressants have limited efficacy and potentially serious side effects. Recent advances and understanding of the pathogenesis of AD have resulted in new therapies that target specific pathways with increased efficacy and the potential for less systemic side effects. New FDA-approved therapies for AD are crisaborole and dupilumab. The JAK-STAT inhibitors (baricitinib, upadaciti...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - July 30, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Targeted Therapy for Severe Asthma in Children and Adolescents: Current and Future Perspectives
AbstractSevere asthma in children remains a significant issue. It places a heavy burden on affected individuals and society as a whole in terms of high morbidity, mortality, consumption of healthcare resources, and side effects from high-dose corticosteroid therapy. New, targeted biologic therapies for asthma have emerged as effective add-on options, complementing our expanding understanding of asthma phenotypes/endotypes and the underlying immunopathology of the disease spectrum. They include omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab. Omalizumab represents the first available therapeutic option for ...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - July 18, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Annual European Congress of Rheumatology
(Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - July 18, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Facilitating Informed Permission/Assent/Consent in Pediatric Clinical Trials
AbstractIndividuals approached to participate in human subjects research, irrespective of age, must be completely apprised of the study, and researchers must ensure that the information is understood to the fullest extent possible, prior to decision making. However, evolving regulatory and institutional requirements have led to permission/assent/consent (PAC) forms that are unnecessarily complex, serving only to exacerbate the challenges associated with communicating this important information to prospective participants. At greatest risk are children and other individuals with low literacy, limited English proficiency, an...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - July 16, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
