Ranibizumab: A Review in Retinopathy of Prematurity
AbstractRanibizumab (Lucentis®) is a monoclonal antibody fragment targeted against VEGF-A that is the first approved anti-VEGF agent for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In the pivotal, randomized, phase III RAINBOW trial in infants with ROP, the majority of intravitreal ranibizumab recipients experienced treatment success at 24 weeks, with a numerically greater treatment success rate in the ranibizumab 0.2 mg (80% of patients) than laser therapy (66%) group without reaching statistical significance for superiority. Long-term effects on vision following ranibizumab treatment are not yet known, but interi...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - January 15, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The Management of Burn Pain in a Pediatric Burns-Specialist Hospital
AbstractAppropriate pain management for children who have experienced an acute burn injury is critical to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential morbidities. With 60% of our patients being under the age of 4 years, pain management is crucial in reducing pain and anxiety in both patients and parents. It is imperative that appropriate pain relief is commenced from initial contact with healthcare workers as this will affect the success or failure of future wound procedures. Uncontrolled pain can negative ly affect a patient, both short and long term. It may cause anticipatory anxiety for future medical procedures, in...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - January 15, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Clinical and Economic Evaluation of the Impact of Midazolam on Morphine Therapy for Pain Relief in Critically Ill Ventilated Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
ConclusionsMorphine monotherapy enabled enhanced pain relief over its combination with midazolam in the NICU, at a reduced overall cost. Morphine alone, therefore, seems to be a dominant analgesia strategy. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - December 23, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Paediatric Agranulocytosis Associated with Metamizole Treatment
ConclusionThe development of agranulocytosis after the use of metamizole causes long-term hospitalisation and may require the use of medications in treatment management. Considering the availability of alternative options to treat fever and pain, and given the side-effect profile of metamizole, it should not be the preferred, first-line antipyretic treatment in children. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - November 28, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
A Pilot Comparison of High- Versus Low-Tech Palatability Assessment Tools in Young Children
ConclusionsOur experience suggests that the TASTY scales appear to offer the greatest promise for assessing palatability in future clinical use. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - November 25, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Drug Treatment of Epilepsy Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities in Children
AbstractThere is increasing recognition that epilepsy can be associated with a broad spectrum of comorbidities. While epileptic seizures are an essential element of epilepsy in children, there is a spectrum of neurological, mental health and cognitive disorders that add to the disease burden of childhood epilepsy resulting in a decreased quality of life. The most common comorbid conditions in childhood epilepsy include depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorders, sleep disorders, attention deficits, cognitive impairment, and migraine. While epilepsy can result in comorbidities, many of the comorbidities of childhood hav...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - November 24, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Drug Use in Pediatric Patients Admitted to Rehabilitation For Severe Acquired Brain Injury: Analysis of the Associations With Rehabilitation Outcomes
ConclusionsWe provided a description of drug use in pediatric rehabilitation after severe acquired brain injuries, which was lacking in the literature. Prospective studies should verify our associative observations regarding clinical variables, drugs use, and outcomes, to assess causality. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - November 24, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Drug-Induced Hearing Loss in Children: An Analysis of Spontaneous Reports in the French PharmacoVigilance Database
ConclusionsThis study shows that about three out of four cases of drug-induced hearing loss in the pediatric population were “serious”. It also underlines the under-reporting of these ADRs and the importance of strengthening hearing monitoring in children during and long after drug exposure. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - November 17, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Optimizing the Use of Antibiotic Agents in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Narrative Review
AbstractAntibiotics are one of the most prescribed drug classes in the pediatric intensive care unit, yet the incidence of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing remains high in critically ill children. Optimizing the use of antibiotics in this population is imperative to guarantee adequate treatment, avoid toxicity and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance, both on a patient level and on a population level. Antibiotic stewardship encompasses all initiatives to promote responsible antibiotic usage and the PICU represents a major target environment for antibiotic stewardship programs. This narrative review provides a summar...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - November 10, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Acknowledgement to Referees
(Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - November 4, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients
AbstractPostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), postoperative vomiting (POV), post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV), and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) continue to be causes of pediatric morbidity, delay in discharge, and unplanned hospital admission. Research on the pathophysiology, risk assessment, and therapy for PDNV, OINV and pain therapy options in children has received increased attention. Multimodal pain management with the use of perioperative regional and opioid-sparing analgesia has helped decrease nausea and vomiting. Two common emetogenic surgical procedures in children are adenotonsillectomy ...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - October 27, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Postoperative Pain Management in Pediatric Spinal Fusion Surgery for Idiopathic Scoliosis
This article reviews and summarizes current evidence and knowledge gaps regarding postoperative analgesia after pediatric posterior spine fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, a common procedure that results in severe acute postoperative pain. Inadequate analgesia may delay recovery, cause patient dissatisfaction, and increase chronic pain risk. Despite significant adverse effects, opioids are the analgesic mainstay after scoliosis surgery. However, growing emphasis on opioid minimization and enhanced recovery has increased adoption of multimodal analgesia (MMA) regimens. While opioid adverse effects remain a concern...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - October 23, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Abatacept: A Review of the Treatment of Polyarticular-Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
AbstractJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) encompasses several forms of chronic inflammatory arthritis of unknown etiology presenting in children < 16 years of age, with a minimum symptom duration of 6 weeks. Approximately half of affected children have polyarticular-course JIA (pJIA), a functional concept related to several clinically and genetically heterogeneous JIA categories (systemic, extended oligoarthritis, polyarticular rheumatoid factor-positive or rheumatoid factor-negative, enthesitis-related arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis), which has as its defining feature the involvement of five or more joint...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - October 8, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Antihistamines in the Management of Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review
ConclusionsNewer AHs are effective in symptom control and well tolerated in the pediatric population. However, inadequate reporting, variation in outcome measures, and a paucity of sufficient randomized comparisons precluded us from quantifying the relative efficacy of newer AHs compared with other treatment options. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - September 15, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
State of the Mind: Growing up with HIV
This article reviews the natural history, cellular pathophysiology and structural and functional imaging findings for children growing up with HIV, as well as summarising management strategies related to antiretroviral therapy, screening tools and specific interventions for neurocognitive impairments and psychological disorders. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - September 15, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
