The Role of Oral Administration of Immunoglobulin in Managing Diarrheal Illness in Immunocompromised Children
ConclusionOral administration of human serum immunoglobulin in immunocompromised children presenting with acute and chronic diarrheal illness appeared helpful in reducing stool output by 50% in the majority of patients. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - March 16, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Does a Dose Calculator as an Add-On to a Web-Based Paediatric Formulary Reduce Calculation Errors in Paediatric Dosing? A Non-Randomized Controlled Study
ConclusionsOur study shows that the use of a dose calculator as an add-on to a web-based paediatric formulary can reduce calculation errors. Furthermore, it shows that technologies may introduce new errors through transcription errors and wrongly selecting parameters from drop-down lists. Therefore, dosing calculators should be developed and used with special attention for selection and transcription errors. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - March 13, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Correction to: Efficacy of Macrolides on Acute Asthma or Wheezing Exacerbations in Children with Recurrent Wheezing: A Systematic Review and Meta ‑analysis
An Online First version of this article was made available online at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40272-019-00371-5 on 14 January 2020. An error was subsequently identified in the article, and the following correction should be noted: (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - March 12, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Dupilumab to Treat Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases in Children and Adolescents
AbstractDuring the past decade, significant therapeutic progress has been made in the field of allergic diseases, mainly concerning the pathogenic role of type 2 inflammation. Biologics targeting specific key cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, as well as IgE, have emerged as promising innovative therapies for allergic disorders. In this context, dupilumab has emerged as one of the most successful therapies targeting the IL-4R axis. Dupilumab is a human IgG4 antibody anti-IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) α-subunit that blocks IL‐4R signaling induced by both IL‐4 and IL‐13, downregulating the molecular pathw...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - March 10, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Therapeutic Potential of Citrulline as an Arginine Supplement: A Clinical Pharmacology Review
This article summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies of arginine/citrulline in both adults and children, including currently available pharmacokinetic information. The pharmacology of arginine/citrulline is conf ounded by several patient-specific factors such as variations in baseline arginine/citrulline due to developmental ages and disease states. Currently available pharmacokinetic studies are insufficient to inform the optimal design of clinical studies, especially in children. Successful bench-to-bedsi de clinical translation of arginine supplementation awaits information from well-designed pharmacokinetic/pha...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - March 5, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Vaccine Hesitancy: A Growing Concern
AbstractVaccines are one of the great achievements of medical science. They have eradicated or drastically reduced the incidence of once common diseases. It is estimated that vaccines save between 2 and 6 million lives each year, but 1.5 million more lives could be saved if coverage was increased. Vaccine hesitancy, defined by the World Health Organization as “the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines”, is a barrier to increasing coverage that has received a great deal of attention from the media and public health academics in recent years. It is argued that many parents are reluctant ...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - February 18, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies in Pediatric Patients
AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their derivatives are increasingly used in pediatric pharmacotherapy, and the number of antibody-based drug products with approved pediatric indications is continuously growing. In most instances, pediatric use is being pursued after the efficacy and safety of novel antibody medications have been established in adult indications. The pediatric extrapolation exercise that is frequently used in this context to bridge efficacy and safety from adults to children is oftentimes challenged through uncertainties and knowledge gaps in how to reliably extrapolate pharmacokinetics and clinical...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - February 12, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Pharmacological Management of Pediatric Pustular Psoriasis
AbstractTherapeutic management of pustular psoriasis remains a challenge despite the rapid advance in psoriasis research and the development of drugs, especially biologics. Treatment guidelines have been established for pustular psoriasis, but no controlled studies are present for juvenile pustular psoriasis (JPP). Search of the literature reveals that current evidence of JPP treatment is limited to case reports and case series. Among the conventional drugs for JPP, oral retinoid is the most commonly used, yet concerns for growth disturbance exist. Cyclosporine and methotrexate have also been administered as first-line tre...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - February 3, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Administration and Dosing of Systemic Antifungal Agents in Pediatric Patients
AbstractNeonates and immunosuppressed/immunocompromised pediatric patients are at high risk of invasive fungal diseases. Appropriate antifungal selection and optimized dosing are imperative to the successful prevention and treatment of these life-threatening infections. Conventional amphotericin B was the mainstay of antifungal therapy for many decades, but dose-limiting nephrotoxicity and infusion-related adverse events impeded its use. Despite the development of several new antifungal classes and agents in the past 20 years, and their now routine use in at-risk pediatric populations, data to guide the optimal dosing of...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - January 22, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
New Developments in the Treatment of X-Linked Hypophosphataemia: Implications for Clinical Management
AbstractX-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is due to mutations in phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (PHEX) and represents the most common heritable form of rickets. In this condition, the hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is produced in excessive amounts for still unknown reasons, and causes renal phosphate wasting and suppression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, leading to low serum phosphate concentrations. Prolonged hypophosphataemia decreases apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes in growth plates (causing rickets) and decreases mineralisation of existing bone (causing o...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - January 21, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The Evolving Diagnostic and Treatment Landscape of NTRK -Fusion-Driven Pediatric Cancers
AbstractThe neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK1-3) genes have been identified as key fusion partners in a range of pediatric cancers. In childhood cancers,ETV6-NTRK3 fusions are found in the majority of infantile fibrosarcomas and congenital mesoblastic nephromas.NTRK fusions are also found in mammary analog secretory carcinomas (MASC), secretory breast carcinomas, and with modest frequency in high-grade gliomas in very young children. While there are a range of multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors that show efficacy against TRK kinases, there are now multiple highly selective TRK inhibitors in clinical evalu...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - January 21, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Drug Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension in Children
This article reviews the current drug therapies and their use in the management of PAH in children. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - January 20, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
A Phase IIa Clinical Trial of 2-Iminobiotin for the Treatment of Birth Asphyxia in DR Congo, a Low-Income Country
ConclusionThe present dosing regimen resulted in higher AUCs than targeted, necessitating a change in the dose regimen in future efficacy trials. No adverse effects that could be attributed to the use of 2-iminobiotin were observed.EudraCT number 2015-003063-12. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - January 20, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Efficacy of Macrolides on Acute Asthma or Wheezing Exacerbations in Children with Recurrent Wheezing: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
ConclusionsLimited evidence support that a macrolide trial could be considered in children with acute asthma or recurrent wheezing exacerbation. (Source: Pediatric Drugs)
Source: Pediatric Drugs - January 13, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Drug Treatment of Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy
AbstractThe progressive myoclonic epilepsies (PMEs) represent a rare but devastating group of syndromes characterized by epileptic myoclonus, typically action-induced seizures, neurological regression, medically refractory epilepsy, and a variety of other signs and symptoms depending on the specific syndrome. Most of the PMEs begin in children who are developing as expected, with the onset of the disorder heralded by myoclonic and other seizure types. The conditions are considerably heterogenous, but medical intractability to epilepsy, particularly myoclonic seizures, is a core feature. With the increasing use of molecular...
Source: Pediatric Drugs - January 13, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
