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Dental and Dentoalveolar Injuries in the Pediatric Patient
Dental and dentoalveolar injuries are common in the pediatric population. Management is predicated on the type of tooth injured (primary or permanent), extent of injury, the dental and behavioral age of the patient, and ability of the patient to tolerate treatment. Although many dental injuries occur in isolation, a systematic evaluation of the patient is mandatory to confirm the absence of basal bone fractures of the maxilla or mandible, traumatic brain injury, cervical spine injury, and/or facial soft tissue injury. Long-term follow-up is paramount to achieving a functional occlusion and optimal dental health following i...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - August 26, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Harlyn K. Susarla, Barbara Sheller Source Type: research

General Care Considerations for the Pediatric Trauma Patient
Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children in the United States. Access to trauma care, injury burden, and outcomes following injury, are inequitable. There are many anatomic and physiologic differences between children and adults that affect injury patterns and necessary trauma treatment. The principles of advanced trauma life support (ATLS) should be used by clinicians in high-resource settings for the immediate in-hospital treatment of the injured child. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - August 23, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Hannah C. Cockrell, Sarah L.M. Greenberg Source Type: research

Management of Soft Tissue Injuries in Children –A Comprehensive Review
This article reviews the various causes of injuries, specific cons iderations for each region of the head and neck, and approaches to the surgical management of soft tissue injuries in pediatric patients, including surgical and adjuvant therapies. Specific anatomic regions reviewed include the scalp/forehead, periorbital region, nose, cheeks, lips, ears, and neck/a irway.Laceration repair in the growing pediatric populations may require revisions in the future. Facial soft tissue injuries are prone to poor cosmesis as in many occasions as may be constrained by available surgical specialists, thus proper multispecialty team...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - August 9, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Marcus Hwang, Mark Engelstad, Srinivasa Rama Chandra Source Type: research

Rigid Fixation of the Pediatric Facial Skeleton
Pediatric facial fractures are uncommon, and fortunately, the majority can be managed with conservative measures. Rigid fixation of the pediatric facial skeleton can potentially be associated with delayed hardware issues and growth inhibition. When appropriate, resorbable fixation is most commonly used for this purpose. Titanium plates and screws are advantageous when rigid fixation is a priority because properly placed hardware that respects natural suture lines is not thought to significantly inhibit growth. Furthermore, titanium fixation may be removed following healing. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - August 1, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Kevin C. Lee, Ren ée Reynolds, Matthew J. Recker, Michael R. Markiewicz Source Type: research

Pediatric Mandible Fractures
The management of pediatric facial fractures requires several considerations by the treating surgeon. Pediatric facial fractures occur less commonly than in adults. Among fracture patterns in children, studies have repeatedly demonstrated that mandible fractures are the most common facial fracture particularly the condyle. Most fractures in children are amenable to nonsurgical or closed treatment; however, certain indications exist for open treatment. The literature describing epidemiology, treatment trends, and long-term outcomes are limited in comparison with adult populations. The purpose of the article is to review the...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - July 28, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Jeffrey Hajibandeh, Zachary S. Peacock Source Type: research

Pediatric Cranial Vault and Skull Base Fractures
This article discusses the role of surgical treatment of these fractures, its indications, and techniques. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - July 11, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Malia McAvoy, Richard A. Hopper, Amy Lee, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Srinivas M. Susarla Source Type: research

Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Trauma
This issue of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America focuses on the contemporary management of craniomaxillofacial trauma in children and adolescents. Though somewhat less frequent than injuries seen in adults, facial injuries in children merit special considerations due to the anatomy and physiology of the pediatric facial skeleton as well as the impact that injuries and treatment may have on subsequent growth and development. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - July 2, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Srinivas M. Susarla Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Imaging of Common Oral Cavity, Sinonasal, and Skull Base Pathology
ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 20, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Dinesh Rao Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 20, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Contributors
RUI P. FERNANDES, MD, DMD, FACS, FRCS(Ed) (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 20, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Contents
Dinesh Rao (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 20, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Trauma (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 20, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Epidemiology and Etiology of Facial Injuries in Children
Pediatric Trauma results in over 8 million emergency department visits and 11,000 deaths annually. Unintentional injuries continue to be the leader in morbidity and mortality in pediatric and adolescent populations in the United States. More than 10% of all visits to pediatric emergency rooms (ER) present with craniofacial injuries. The most common etiologies for facial injuries in children and adolescence are motor vehicle accidents, assault, accidental injuries, sports injuries, nonaccidental injuries (eg, child abuse) and penetrating injuries. In the United States, head trauma secondary to abuse is the leading cause of ...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 9, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Jeffrey Quinn Taylor, Elizabeth Hopkins, Robin Yang, Shelly Abramowicz Source Type: research

Pediatric Le Fort, Zygomatic, and Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Fractures
Fractures of the pediatric midface are infrequent, particularly in children in the primary dentition, due to the prominence of the upper face relative to the midface and mandible. With downward and forward growth of the face, there is an increasing frequency of midface injuries seen in children in the mixed and adult dentitions. Midface fracture patterns seen in young children are quite variable; those in children at or near skeletal maturity mimic patterns seen in adults. Non-displaced injuries can typically be managed with observation. Displaced fractures require treatment with appropriate reduction and fixation and long...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 9, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Aparna Bhat, Rachel Lim, Mark A. Egbert, Srinivas M. Susarla Source Type: research

Pediatric Nasal and Septal Fractures
Pediatric nasal bone and septal fractures represent a large number of craniofacial injuries in children each year. Due to their differences in anatomy and potential for growth and development, the management of these injuries varies slightly from that of the adult population. As with most pediatric fractures, there is a bias toward less-invasive management to limit disruption to future growth. Often this includes closed reduction and splinting in the acute setting followed by open septorhinoplasty at skeletal maturity as needed. The overall goal of treatment is to restore the nose to its preinjury shape, structure, and fun...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 9, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Philip D. Tolley, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Scott Manning, G. Nina Lu, Randall A. Bly Source Type: research