Facial Feminization
Facial feminization surgery (FFS) as applied to the midfacial region targets modifications to the nasal and malar esthetic complexes. Although a global assessment is paramount in achieving desired functional results, most patients benefit from malar feminization in the form of bony and soft tissue augmentation, and nasal feminization in the form of reductive rhinoplasty. For patients with signs of aging, additional interventions in the form of rhytidectomy are powerful adjuncts to feminization. As with FFS techniques directed toward the upper and lower thirds, the overarching goal is to obtain complementary outcomes that e...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - February 14, 2024 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Mona Ascha, Bashar Hassan, Fan Liang Source Type: research

Preoperative Radiology and Virtual Surgical Planning
Virtual surgical planning enables precise surgical planning and translation of this planning into the operating room. Preoperative maxillofacial computed tomography scans are compared to a reference skull to identify desired surgical changes. In facial feminization surgery, these include forehead recontouring/frontal table setback, gonial angle reduction, and possible chin repositioning/reshaping, while in facial masculinization surgery, this includes forehead augmentation and gonial angle/chin augmentation. Cutting and recontouring guides as well as custom implants are then custom manufactured. Common guides include osteo...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - February 2, 2024 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Brendan J. Cronin, Justine C. Lee Source Type: research

Medical Management of Gender Diversity
This article provides context on the experiences and medical care of individuals who experience gender dysphoria for the benefit of oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The mechanism of action, effects, and side effects of medical therapies used for gender-affirming care are reviewed. Specific guidance for anesthetic care is given. Trauma-informed tools for care of transgender and gender-diverse patients are offered. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - January 27, 2024 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Corinne S. Heinen Source Type: research

Gender-Affirming Facial Surgery
This article is intended to give the reader an overview of facial gender-affirming procedures applicable to the lower face and neck. A review of facial analysis in the context of masculine versus feminine facial features and the contributions of both soft tissue and bone to this anatomy is provided. The use of systematic facial evaluation and patient-driven concerns as a guide for presurgical planning is reviewed. Detailed descriptions of the unique surgical interventions to feminize the soft tissues and the skeletal framework of the lower face and neck are provided. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - January 25, 2024 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Phil Tolley, Srinivas Susarla, Russell E. Ettinger Source Type: research

Epidemiology of Gender Diversity
In the United States, approximately 1.6 million individuals identify as transgender and gender diverse (TGD), encompassing a wide range of identities and experiences. Despite progress in visibility and acceptance, TGD people continue to face health care and societal disparities, especially affecting racial minorities. Although legal advancements have been achieved, the key to addressing these persistent health care disparities lies in implementing comprehensive and culturally sensitive health care practices and supportive policies. With a growing number of TGD people seeking gender-affirming care, it is imperative that hea...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - January 11, 2024 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Tannon L. Tople, Thais Calderon, Sean L. Johnson Source Type: research

Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adult Patients Seeking Facial Surgery
Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients may present to a surgical context with complex mental health challenges, many of which stem from external stressors. TGD patients also may face disparities regarding the accessibility and quality of health care experiences, which also erodes the mental health of patients. Providers who offer gender-affirming surgery need to be aware of the context that patients may arrive in and install practices that can address the needs of TGD patients. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - January 9, 2024 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Matthew Goldenberg Source Type: research

Surgical Standards of Care and Insurance Authorization of Gender-Affirming Facial Surgery
Transgender and gender-diverse patients face complex, multifactorial barriers to medically necessary gender-affirming care. Insurance coverage for facial feminizing and masculinizing surgeries is one such obstacle. Providers and affiliated team members must have a comprehensive understanding of clinical standards of care, medical documentation, insurance policy and terminology, and related legislation to successfully navigate this administrative quagmire and ensure patient access to care.. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - January 6, 2024 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Danielle Eble, Emily Hem Source Type: research

Airway Considerations in Vascular Lesions
Vascular anomalies of the head and neck frequently involve the upper aerodigestive tract and can cause some level of airway obstruction. It is important to fully evaluate the extent of a lesion and resultant functional impairment with a flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Treating these lesions is difficult and considering how to manage the airway during a procedure is critical. A multidisciplinary approach should be used for airway management with alternative intubation plans established prior to induction of anesthesia. Edema and hemorrhage are expected complications from the treatment of vascular anomalies and should be c...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 18, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Kaylee R. Purpura, Joshua S. Schindler Source Type: research

Terminology and Classifications of Vascular Lesions Based on Molecular Identification
The majority of the vascular anomalies are seen in the head and neck region. Even though the incidence of this anomaly could be construed as a rare disease entity, with only 5% of overall affliction, the lack of knowledgeable management has disfigured many. A comprehensive understanding of this benign yet complex life-changing entity is essential. A historical perspective, pathophysiology-logical evolution, and the current knowledge of management modalities are essential for rendering clinical care in this subspecialty care. We propose a very succint Head and Neck Surgical classification for vascular anamolies, which has b...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 18, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Srinivasa R. Chandra, Advaith Nair, Sanjiv Nair Source Type: research

Medical Management and Therapeutic Updates on Vascular Anomalies of the Head and Neck
This article highlights the commonly used and emerging therapeutic medications for non-malignant vascular tumors and vascular malformations in addition to medical management of associated hematologic abnormalities. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 18, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Jorie Gatts, Srinivasa R. Chandra, Kiersten Ricci Source Type: research

Molecular, Therapeutic, And Surgical Updates on Head And Neck Vascular Anomalies
ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 18, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Srinivasa Rama Chandra, Sanjiv Nair Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 18, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Contributors
RUI P. FERNANDES, MD, DMD, FACS, FRCS(Ed) (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 18, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Contents
Srinivasa Rama Chandra and Sanjiv Nair (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 18, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Gender Affirming Surgery (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 18, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research