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Pharmacological Management of Common Soft Tissue Lesions of the Oral Cavity
This article discusses key clinical presentations and the proper topical and systemic pharmacologic treatments. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - October 30, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Guillermo Puig Arroyo, Ashley Lofters, Earl Clarkson Source Type: research

Update on Management of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patient on Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids have been the cornerstone for treatment of many inflammatory and immune disorders with these beneficial effects well recognized by the medical community. It also possesses many undesirable clinical adverse effects that can occur within 2 weeks of use. Moreover, in the past decade, chronic users of corticosteroids have been linked to skeletal (vertebral and hip) osteoporosis/osteonecrosis with some patients requiring adjunctive antiresprotive medications to counteract fracture prevention. Additionally, two case reports have implicated daily prednisone user to cause osteonecrosis of the mandible. This chapter...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - October 25, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Michael H. Chan Source Type: research

Update on Management of the OMFS Patient on Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids have been the cornerstone for treatment of many inflammatory and immune disorders with these beneficial effects well recognized by the medical community. It also possesses many undesirable clinical adverse effects that can occur within 2 weeks of use. Moreover, in the past decade, chronic users of corticosteroids have been linked to skeletal (vertebral and hip) osteoporosis/osteonecrosis with some patients requiring adjunctive antiresprotive medications to counteract fracture prevention. Additionally, two case reports have implicated daily prednisone user to cause osteonecrosis of the mandible. This chapter...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - October 25, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Michael H. Chan Source Type: research

Pharmacology of Aesthetic Medicines
The realm of aesthetic medicine is broad, and there are countless medications and topical agents used in the practice of aesthetic medicine. The most commonly used injectable medicines include botulinum toxin for mimetic lines and hyaluronic acid fillers for deeper facial rhytids and volume rejuvenation. Topical aesthetic medicines are useful adjuncts for facial rejuvenation and commonly include tretinoin, hydroquinone, growth factors, and vitamin C, as well as a wide range of chemical peels (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - October 25, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Natalie Dunlop, Shelly Abramowicz, Elda Fisher Source Type: research

A Review of Sedation Agents
The oral and maxillofacial surgery model of anesthesia delivery is the subject of some controversy. However, a long track record of patient safety provides compelling support for the dual role of the oral and maxillofacial surgeon as proceduralist and anesthetist. Among the elements critical to continued success is a clear understanding of the pharmacology of the agents used to produce sedation and general anesthesia. This review highlights 6 sedation agents used as part of a balanced anesthesia technique in oral and maxillofacial surgery. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - October 22, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Hillel Ephros, Sneha Shah, Robert J. Herrod Source Type: research

Update on Medications for Oral Sedation in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Office
Dental anxiety is a leading cause of postponing treatment and/or complete avoidance of professional oral care. Therefore, effective sedation and pain control are integral components of dental care for the fearful and anxious patient. The application of oral sedation aids the trained practitioner to provide care to the anxious dental patient and remains the safest, most established, and most commonly used route of drug administration. Proper training and understanding of pharmacologic properties allows for safe and effective application of analgesics and sedatives for oral sedation. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - October 21, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Monica Hanna, Peter Chen, Earl Clarkson Source Type: research

Appreciation
I am privileged and honored to once again have had the opportunity to edit another issue of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America. It is truly a pleasure working with Mr John Vassallo, associate publisher of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America and Dental Clinics of North America, as well as Jessica Canaberal, the very capable developmental editor for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America. I have worked with John for decades, and what began as a formal and professional relationship has evolved into a strong friendship for which I am truly grateful. (Source: Oral an...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - October 21, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Harry Dym Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Updates on Topical and Local Anesthesia Agents
Use of topical and local anesthesia (LA) is the workhorse of all aspects of dentistry. There was a time in the past when dentistry was performed without any local pain control. Owing to this there are patients with dental anxiety and fear of a dental office. The media portraying dentistry as being painful, or showing a dentist with needles, enlists fear and distrust of dentists. In contrast, pain is what brings the patient to the dental office and with local pain control measures a dentist is able to alleviate the patient's cause of pain. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - September 30, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Junaid Mundiya, Edward Woodbine Source Type: research

Medication Management of Selected Pathological Jaw Lesions
Most jaw lesions are treated surgically. Areas of abnormal proliferation or destruction in bone are commonly treated by regional curettage, excision, or resection. However, surgery is invasive and leaves a defect where the lesion was removed. Surgical trauma to adjacent healthy tissue, including vital neurovascular bundles is often unavoidable, and can be especially traumatizing to the pediatric patient. Select jaw lesions with well-studied nonsurgical pharmaceutical treatments are presented here. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - September 30, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Yijiao Fan, Allen Glied Source Type: research

Update on Management of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patient on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been the cornerstone for the treatment of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and panic disorder for a wide spectrum of age groups. Although the beneficial therapeutic properties are well recognized by the medical community, it also possesses many undesirable adverse effects with clinical manifestations. Some of the effects can be severe. This chapter highlights use of SSRIs, the mechanism of action, medication dosages, common drug to drug interactions, and recommendations on management of the oral and maxillofacial surgery patient on SSRIs. (Source: Oral...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - September 30, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Natasha Bhalla, Michael H. Chan Source Type: research

Pharmacologic Treatment for Temporomandibular and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Temporomandibular joint disorder is defined by pain and/or loss of function of the temporomandibular joint and its associated muscles and structures. Treatments include noninvasive pharmacologic therapies, minimally invasive muscular and articular injections, and surgery. Conservative therapies include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants. Minimally invasive injections include botulinum toxin, corticosteroids, platelet-rich plasma, hyaluronic acid, and prolotherapy with hypertonic glucose. With many pharmacologic treatment options and modalities avail...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - September 28, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Amanda Andre, Joseph Kang, Harry Dym Source Type: research

Hyposalivation and Xerostomia and Burning Mouth Syndrome
In this chapter, the authors review the benefits of saliva and the destructive consequences of its loss. It is hoped that this will help their colleagues identify and treat patients before development of symptoms. Xerostomia is the subjective complaint of dry mouth or sensation of oral dryness. Hyposalivation is the actual decrease in measured salivary outflow. The authors discuss a compiled list of highly cited medications commonly used today that are linked with xerostomia and hyposalivation. There are numerous treatment modalities that are present, such as saliva substitutes, mouth rinses, sugar-free candy, and pilocarp...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - September 28, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Jaykrishna P. Thakkar, Christopher J. Lane Source Type: research

Emergency Drugs for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon Office
This article illustrates the indications and mechanism of action of core emergency medications as well as emergency medications for intravenous sedation in the oral and maxillofacial surgeon office. The recognition of medical emergencies and comprehensive knowledge of pharmaceutical medical intervention can prevent deterioration in medical emergencies. In addition, this article also reviews common dosages as well as administration techniques that should be regularly reviewed and be fundamental knowledge to the oral surgeon and staff. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - September 28, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Joel Rosenfeld, Harry Dym Source Type: research

Trends in Diversity Related to Gender and Race in the Surgical Specialties and Subspecialties Inclusive of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Medical training in the United States has undergone multiple evolutions and maturations. The Flexner Report and its effects, written in 1910, still has significant impact on modern professional education in the medical and dental arenas. The National Academy of Medicine (Institute of Medicine) in 2003 documented the need for diversity in the health care workforce, and the Association of American Medical Colleges additionally looked at Medical Education and health care through the lens of Academic Medicine. Both these reports reflected that health care institutions, providers, educators, students, and surgical residents are...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - September 24, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Brett L. Ferguson, Maria Morgan, Susan B. Wilson Source Type: research

Gender and Diversity in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - September 24, 2021 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Franci Stavropoulos, Jennifer E. Woerner Source Type: research