Contributors
RUI P. FERNANDES, MD, DMD, FACS, FRCS(Ed) (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 19, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Contents
Yiu Yan Leung (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 19, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Diagnosis and Management of Oral Mucosal Lesions (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 19, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Orthognathic Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves obstruction or reduction of an individual ’s airway during sleep and is associated with several comorbidities. Patient evaluation includes detailed history, clinical and radiographic examination, endoscopy, and polysomnography. Management may be nonsurgical or surgical, and Phase II of the Stanford Protocol of surgical management involves maxillomandibular advancement (MMA). Surgical considerations (eg, degree of movement, timing of surgery) and potential complications specific to MMA are discussed in this review. With adequate planning and communication with the patient, MMA is eff...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Bernadette Quah, Timothy Jie Han Sng, Chee Weng Yong, Raymond Chung Wen Wong Source Type: research

Aesthetic Considerations in Orthofacial Surgery
Currently, the wish to optimize facial esthetics —in the context of a dysfunctional occlusion or not—has become the main motivation for orthognathic surgery in many cases. In this context, considering that protrusive faces are advised more attractive and that the lack of skeletal support accelerates the aging process, orthognathic surgery will mostly involve a forward movement of the maxillamandibular complex.. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Federico Hern ández-Alfaro, Adaia Valls-Ontañón Source Type: research

Zygoma and Mandibular Angle Reduction
Changing the facial appearance with facial contouring surgery is popular, especially in East Asian countries where a square face is a common chief complaint. Mandibular angle reduction, malar reduction, genioplasty, and chin and body contouring surgery can be performed as independent or ancillary procedures during orthognathic surgery. Many techniques have been developed and different osteotomy designs have been proposed to enhance outcomes and minimize complication risks. Here, we review the surgical techniques and considerations for mandibular angle and malar reduction, the two most commonly performed contouring surgerie...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Michael D. Han, Tae-Geon Kwon Source Type: research

Patient-Specific Implants in Orthognathic Surgery
Virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional (3D) printing have broadened the horizons of oral and maxillofacial surgery, including orthognathic surgery. 3D-printed personalized surgical guide and patient-specific implant (PSI) not only serve to guide accurate osteotomies and as a good fitting of osteosynthesis plate, but more importantly define a revolutionary waferless approach concept that is totally different from the conventional wafer-guided jaw fixation technique. This review discusses the limitations of the conventional orthognathic approach, and how PSI may overcome these limitations, improve accuracy, and brin...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Dion Tik Shun Li, Yiu Yan Leung Source Type: research

Management of Bimaxillary Protrusion
This article aims to help clinicians improve their approach to management of bimaxillary protrusion by creating a classification based on the severity that can guide treatment selection. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Rama Krsna Rajandram, Lavanyah Ponnuthurai, Komalam Mugunam, Yunn Shy Chan Source Type: research

Adjunctive Aesthetic Procedures in Orthognathic Surgery
This article discusses various facial aesthetic procedures that can be combined with orthognathic surgery, to the patient ’s benefit, to help them become the most beautiful version of themselves. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Johan Jansma, Rutger H. Schepers Source Type: research

Rhinoplasty as an Adjunct to Orthognathic Surgery:
Orthognathic surgery is a well-recognized method to correct dentofacial deformities. The main goal of orthognathic surgery is to improve soft tissue change. Soft tissue changes to the nose have been well documented. Simultaneous rhinoplasty during orthognathic surgery can be performed to correct existing inherent nasal deformities and also the unfavorable changes that arose from the maxillary surgery. Challenges for concurrent nasal surgery with jaw surgery include preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative which can be overcome with meticulous planning and experience. In complex cases, rhinoplasty can be staged in the...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Tian Ee Seah, Velupillai Ilankovan Source Type: research

Genioplasty in Contemporary Orthognathic Surgery
In contemporary orthognathic surgery planning, the genium/chin constitutes an important part that contributes to the maxillofacial profile. The aesthetics of the lower face is affected by the position of the genium which makes reestablishment of genial morphology an essential component. It is hence necessary to evaluate the genium objectively on its individual merit, and any discrepancy is addressed accordingly. This review presents an overview of contemporary genioplasty techniques, their applications, and considerations on stability, osteosynthesis, complications, and the future developments. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Mrunalini Ramanathan, Elavenil Panneerselvam, Anantanarayanan Parameswaran, Takahiro Kanno Source Type: research

Surgery First and Surgery Early Treatment Approach in Orthognathic Surgery
We have observed a revival of the original Surgery First approach in orthognathic surgery. Fully digital planning and simulation of the surgery has improved the predictability of Surgery First procedures. The orthodontist plays a crucial role in the successful management of Surgery First and Surgery Early cases. Surgery First and Surgery Early procedures have made the correction of a dentofacial deformity and dysgnathia a clear and transparent procedure. The decision of the treatment protocol is based on a thorough consideration and discussion between the surgeon, the orthodontist, and the patient for a successful outcome....
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Gabriele A. Millesi, Matthias Zimmermann, Maija Eltz Source Type: research

Definitive Rhinoplasty and Orthognathic Surgery for Patients with Cleft Lip Palate
While primary cleft lip nasal deformity has been well described, secondary cleft lip nasal deformity reflects the combination of residual deformity that follows primary operative maneuvers and growth-related nasal distortions. Secondary cleft lip nasal deformities are further associated with underlying skeletal and dentofacial abnormalities along with soft tissue constriction adding to the complexity of the deformity and posing major aesthetic and functional challenges to the multidisciplinary care team. Definitive rhinoplasties are performed to address these deformities and improve the quality of life in cleft patients fo...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Riham Eldesouky, Amir Elbarbary Source Type: research

Surgical Management for Vertical Maxillary Excess
Orthognathic surgery is an effective approach to correct vertical maxillary excess (VME), which is a common maxillofacial deformity and exhibits excessive vertical development of maxilla. This review summarizes different clinical features of total, anterior and posterior VME, as well as corresponding surgical managements guided by preoperative computer-assisted surgical planning. The virtual simulation will do favor to the final determination of individual surgical plans to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Finally, a typical clinical case will be presented to demonstrate the surgical management of VME. (Source: Oral and Maxi...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Hao Wu, Dongming He, Yong Wu, Lingyong Jiang, Xudong Wang Source Type: research

Management of Asymmetry
Orthognathic surgery in asymmetric cases is challenging because of diversity and individuality. Clinical observations are of paramount importance and need to be systemically thorough. Three-dimensional diagnosis and virtual planning have been proven extremely helpful in facilitating treatment toward symmetry in difficult cases with increasing precision. Compared with orthognathic surgery in symmetric situations, asymmetries produce numerous pitfalls and provide opportunities for out-of-the-box procedures. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - November 3, 2022 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Tom C.T. van Riet, Cornelis Klop, Alfred G. Becking, Jitske W. Nolte Source Type: research