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Craniofacial Growth and Development
Understanding craniofacial growth and development is important in the management of facial trauma in the growing pediatric patient. This manuscript is a review of craniofacial growth and development and clinical implications of pediatric facial fractures. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 9, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Raquel Capote, Kathryn Preston, Hitesh Kapadia Source Type: research

Pediatric Orbital Fractures
The unique anatomy and physiology of the growing craniofacial skeleton predispose children to different fracture patterns as compared to adults. Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric orbital fractures can be challenging. A thorough history and physical examination are essential for the diagnosis of pediatric orbital fractures. Physicians should be aware of symptoms and signs suggestive of trapdoor fractures with soft tissue entrapment including symptomatic diplopia with positive forced ductions, restricted ocular motility (regardless of conjunctival abnormalities), nausea/vomiting, bradycardia, vertical orbital dystopia, en...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 9, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Bashar Hassan, Fan Liang, Michael P. Grant Source Type: research

Pediatric Panfacial Fractures
Pediatric panfacial trauma is a rare occurrence with poorly understood implications for the growing child. Treatment algorithms largely mirror adult panfacial protocols with notable exceptions including augmented healing and remodeling capacities that favor nonoperative management, limited exposure to avoid disruption of osseous suture and synchondroses growth centers, and creative fracture fixation techniques in the setting of an immature craniomaxillofacial skeleton. The following article provides a review of our institutional philosophy in the management of these challenges injuries with important anatomic, epidemiologi...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 5, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Sameer Shakir, Russell E. Ettinger, Srinivas M. Susarla, Craig B. Birgfeld Source Type: research

Intermaxillary Fixation in the Primary and Mixed Dentition
This article discusses and illustrates methods that facial trauma surgeons can use to establish intermaxillary fixation in children aged 12 years and younger. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - June 1, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Jeffrey S. Marschall, Suzanne Barnes, George M. Kushner Source Type: research

Malignant and Nonmalignant Sinonasal Tumors
This article briefly reviews the classification of sinonasal tumors and provides imaging examples and imaging characteristics of each clinically important nasal and paranasal mass lesions. Although there are no true pathognomonic imaging features, it is important for the radiologist to have a broad knowledge of the various CT and MR imaging findings that can help narrow the differential diagnosis and aid in early diagnosis and mapping of tumor for treatment planning. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - May 4, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Natalya Nagornaya, Gaurav Saigal, Rita Bhatia Source Type: research

Anatomy and Pathology of the Skull Base
This article provides a comprehensive review of SB anatomy including important landmarks and anatomic variants relevant to SB surgery. We also illustrate the diverse pathologies affecting the SB. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - May 2, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Emilio P. Supsupin, Noelani S. Gonzales, James Matthew Debnam Source Type: research

Future Perspective
Head and neck and base of skull malignancies are challenging for surgical and radiotherapy treatment due to the density of sensitive tissues. Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a form of heavy particle therapy that uses accelerated carbon ions to treat malignancies that may be radioresistant or in challenging anatomic locations. CIRT has an increased biological effectiveness (ie, increased cell killing) at the end of the range of the carbon beam (ie, within the target tissue) but not in the entrance dose. This increased biological effectiveness can overcome the effects of radioresistant tumors, tissue hypoxia, and the need ...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - April 26, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Michael S. Rutenberg, Chris Beltran Source Type: research

Infections of the Oral Cavity and Suprahyoid Neck
This article provides an imaging overview of the range of infections in this region that may be encountered by oral and maxillofacial surgeons, emergency physicians, and primary care providers. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Jeet Patel, Volodymyr Maymeskul, John Kim Source Type: research

The Role of Imaging in Mandibular Reconstruction with Microvascular Surgery
Imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis, staging, and management of segmental mandibular defects. Imaging allows mandibular defects to be classified which aids in microvascular free flap reconstruction. This review serves to complement the surgeon ’s clinical experience with image-based examples of mandibular pathology, defect classification systems, reconstruction options, treatment complications, and Virtual Surgical Planning. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Dinesh Rao, Ashleigh Weyh, Anthony Bunnell, Mauricio Hernandez Source Type: research

Imaging of Maxillofacial Trauma
Maxillofacial trauma is common. Computed tomography is the primary imaging tool for diagnosis. Study interpretation is aided by understanding regional anatomy and clinically relevant features of each subunit. Common injury patterns and the most important factors related to surgical management are discussed. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Miguel Fabrega Source Type: research

Normal and Variant Sinonasal Anatomy
This article will review the anatomy with emphasis on a variety of clinically important anatomic variants. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Richard D. Beegle, John V. Murray, Sukhwinder Johnny S. Sandhu Source Type: research

Infectious and Inflammatory Sinonasal Diseases
Rhinosinusitis is a commonly encountered disease. Imaging is not typically required in acute uncomplicated rhinosinusitis; however, it is integral in the evaluation of patients who present with prolonged or atypical symptoms or when acute intracranial complications or alternate diagnoses are suspected. Knowledge of the paranasal sinus anatomy is important to understand patterns of sinonasal opacification. Bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens are responsible culprits and, with duration of symptoms, serve to categorize infectious sinonasal disease. Several systemic inflammatory and vasculitic processes have a predilection ...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Marcus J. Lacey, Margaret N. Chapman Source Type: research

Image-Guided Biopsies of Superficial and Deep Head and Neck and Skull-Base Lesions
This article outlines the standard biopsy approaches and key anatomical considerations for H&N procedures. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Amit Agarwal, John Murray, S. Johnny Sandhu Source Type: research

Imaging of Major Salivary Gland Lesions and Disease
Infectious and inflammatory disorders are the commonest pathologies to affect the major salivary glands however frequently overlap in clinical presentation. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, usually initially performed by CT or ultrasound. MRI, with its superior soft-tissue characterization compared with CT, provides a better evaluation of tumors and tumor-like conditions. Imaging features may suggest that a mass is more likely to be benign versus malignant, however, biopsy is often needed to establish a definitive histopathologic diagnosis. Imaging plays a key role in the staging of neoplastic disease. (Source...
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Elliott Friedman, Yu Cai, Bo Chen Source Type: research

Malignant and Nonmalignant Lesions of the Oral Cavity
This article will discuss the anatomy, imaging approaches, and imaging characteristics of nonmalignant and malignant pathology in the oral cavity (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)
Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Jeanie Choi, Derek Huell, Fehime Eymen Ucisik, Kim Learned Source Type: research