Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine RSS feedThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Breastfeeding: debunking preconceptions and removing barriers
Breastfeeding has benefits for both the mother and child and should be encouraged and supported by healthcare professionals where possible. Fully breastfeeding an infant for 6  months has been shown to carry a lower incidence of gastrointestinal illness, sudden infant death syndrome, respiratory illnesses and childhood leukaemia. For the mother, there is a reduction in breast cancer, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Prescribing decisions in the breastfed mother should b e an individualized decision and take into account the risks and benefits of treatment. (Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - June 8, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Sarah Barnes, Sophie Bennett, Shreelata Datta Tags: Case-based learning Source Type: research

Intrapartum fetal surveillance: a physiological approach
Continuous utero-placental circulation, and patent umbilical blood vessels ensure an uninterrupted transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus as well as clearance of metabolic waste products. The onset of labour characterized by progressive and strong uterine contractions poses a threat to fetal oxygenation as a result of collapsing the spiral arterioles traversing the myometrium to supply the placental bed, and repetitive compression of the blood vessels within the umbilical cord. Human fetuses are equipped with compensatory mechanisms to cope with transient interruptions of blood supply during labour. (Source: Obstetr...
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - June 5, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Katherine Griffiths, Neerja Gupta, Edwin Chandraharan Tags: Review Source Type: research

Self-assessment questions
(Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - June 4, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Anna Richmond Tags: Self-assessment Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - May 26, 2022 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Abdominal pain in late pregnancy ( ≥24 weeks’ gestation)
Abdominal pain in late pregnancy is a common presentation and can pose a diagnostic and management dilemma to clinicians. For this article we have defined late pregnancy as ≥ 24 weeks gestation. An acute abdomen affects 1 in 500 pregnancies with approximately 0.5–2% of pregnant women needing surgical interventions in pregnancy. The majority of acute abdominal complaints will present in a similar manner to the non-pregnant patient; however the anatomical and physio logical changes of pregnancy can complicate the diagnosis and management options. (Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - May 25, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Kehinde H. Odubamowo, Chioma Chilaka, Kate F. Walker Tags: Review Source Type: research

Pelvic organ prolapse: anatomical and functional assessment
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common presenting complaint in gynaecology. In the UK, prolapse accounts for 20% of women on the waiting list for major gynaecological surgery. It is therefore important that clinicians understand how to accurately assess women with prolapse. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive description of the assessment required. Anatomical assessment should be made using the standardized Pelvic Organ Prolapse quantification system (POP-Q). The use of POP-Q in women with POP allows effective communication between clinicians, reproducible evaluation of surgical outcomes, meaningful comp...
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - May 24, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Nazish Abbas, Fiona Reid Tags: Review Source Type: research

Self-assessment questions
(Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - May 20, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Anna Richmond Tags: Self-assessment Source Type: research

Differential attainment, race and racism: levelling the playing field in obstetrics and gynaecology
Racially minoritised doctors make up 45% of the RCOG workforce. Despite a 43% increase in the percentage of racially minoritised doctors joining obstetrics and gynaecology training at ST1 over the last decade in the UK, there is proof that racially minoritised doctors are less likely to pass exams or receive a satisfactory ARCP outcome. Minoritised doctors experience bias, discrimination, and racism throughout their career progression. The cause of differential attainment is multifactorial and requires multifaceted solutions. (Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - May 13, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Isioma Dianne Okolo, Rehan Khan, Ranee Thakar, Members of the RCOG Race Equality Taskforce Workstream II Tags: Spotlight Source Type: research

Risk factors for and management of obstetric anal sphincter injury
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) include both third and fourth degree perineal tears. They are regarded as the most severe form of perineal trauma and may cause anal incontinence, perineal pain and dyspareunia. The risks of developing OASIs are increased by certain maternal, fetal, intrapartum and delivery factors. Diagnosis is made by clinical examination which can be improved by formal training. Primary repair is best performed immediately after childbirth. It is recommended that the external anal sphincter (EAS) and internal anal sphincter (IAS) should be repaired with 3-0 polydioxanone suture (PDS) and the tec...
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - May 12, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Aswini A. Balachandran, Kandice Ka Woon Wong, Ranee Thakar Tags: Review Source Type: research

Minimal access in gynaecological surgery: training the minimally invasive gynaecological surgeon
The first foray into gynaecological minimal access surgery took place in 1936, when Swiss gynaecologist Boesch performed the first laparoscopic sterilisation. By 1988 advancements in surgical technology allowed Harry Reich to perform the first laparoscopic hysterectomy, and by 2022 the majority of gynaecological surgery can be carried out laparoscopically. Minimal access surgery reduces hospital stay and enhances post-operative recovery such that patients are often able to return to near normal function within one week. (Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - May 11, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Rebecca McMurray, Tamica Lawrence, Karolina Afors Tags: Review Source Type: research

Management of pregnancy complications in women of advanced maternal age
The average age of women at childbirth in high resource obstetric settings has been increasing steadily for approximately 30 years. Women aged 35 years or over have an increased risk of gestational hypertensive disease, gestational diabetes, placenta praevia, placental abruption, perinatal death, preterm labour, fetal macrosomia and fetal growth restriction. Unsurprisingly, rates of obstetric intervention are higher among older women. Of particular concern is the increased risk of antepartum stillbirth at term in women of advanced maternal age. (Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - May 9, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Maria Garcia, Kate F. Walker, Jim G. Thornton Tags: Review Source Type: research

Preventing the sexual transmission of HIV
There are a number of measures that are available to reduce the sexual transmission and acquisition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These include: antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in those living with HIV to achieve an undetectable viral load, which eliminates the sexual transmission of HIV, and is a concept known as ‘Undetectable = Untransmittable’ (‘U=U’); Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) to HIV, which provide protection against the sexual acquisition of HIV; and advice for HIV-negative women who wish to conceive with a male partner living with HIV. (Source: Obstetrics, G...
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - May 9, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Elizabeth Marie Carlin, Shingisai Ndoro Tags: Spotlight Source Type: research

Basic understanding of urodynamics
Urodynamic investigations are an important tool aiding the clinical management of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, such as overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and voiding dysfunction. Urodynamic investigations can be non-invasive or invasive. Non-invasive tests include uroflowmetry and ultrasound measurement of post-void residual urine volumes. Invasive tests involve urethral catheterization to measure bladder pressure, and placement of a catheter either in the vagina or the rectum to measure abdominal pressure. (Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - May 7, 2022 Category: OBGYN Authors: Rebecca Hall, Karen Ward Tags: Review Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine - April 26, 2022 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research