Overexpression-Induced α-Synuclein Brain Spreading
AbstractInterneuronal transfer of pathological α-synuclein species is thought to play an important role in the progressive advancement of Lewy pathology and increasing severity of clinical manifestations in Parkinson’s and other diseases commonly referred to as synucleinopathies. Pathophysiological conditions and mechanisms triggering this tr ans-synaptic spreading bear therefore significant pathogenetic implications but have yet to be fully elucidated. In vivo experimental models support the conclusion that increased expression of intraneuronal α-synuclein can itself induce protein spreading throughout the brain as we...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - December 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Lipocalin-2 Is a Key Regulator of Neuroinflammation in Secondary Traumatic and Ischemic Brain Injury
AbstractReactive glial cells are hallmarks of brain injury. However, whether these cells contribute to secondary inflammatory pathology and neurological deficits remains poorly understood. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has inflammatory and neurotoxic effects in various disease models; however, its pathogenic role in traumatic brain injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of LCN2 and its role in neuroinflammation following brain injury. LCN2 expression was high in the mouse brain after controlled cortical impact (CCI) and photothrombotic stroke (PTS) injury. Brain levels of LCN2 mRNA and ...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - December 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A New Non-invasive Neuromodulation Technique for Super Refractory Status Epilepticus: Can We Consider tDCS for This Devastating Condition?
(Source: Neurotherapeutics)
Source: Neurotherapeutics - December 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Role of Estrogen-Related Receptor γ and PGC-1α/SIRT3 Pathway in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of ERR γ activation against early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the potential underlying mechanisms. In a rat model of SAH, the time course of ERRs and SIRT3 and the effects of ERRγ activation were investigated. ERRγ agonist DY131, selective inhibitor GSK5182, or SIRT3 selec tive inhibitor 3-TYP were administered intracerebroventricularly (icv) in the rat model of SAH. The use of 3-TYP was for validating SIRT3 as the downstream signaling of ERRγ activation. Post-SAH assessments included SAH grade, neurological score, Western blot, N...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - December 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Functional Connectivity Within Semantic and Hippocampal Networks in Mild Cognitive Impairment
In conclusion, tVNS modified the activity of brain networks in which disruption correlates with deterioration in AD. These findings suggest afferent target engagement of tVNS, which carries implications for the development of noninvasive therapeutic intervention in the MCI population. (Source: Neurotherapeutics)
Source: Neurotherapeutics - December 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Update on the Management of Brain Metastasis
AbstractBrain metastases occur in almost one-third of adult patients with solid tumor malignancies and lead to considerable patient morbidity and mortality. The rising incidence of brain metastases has been ascribed to the development of better imaging and screening techniques and the formulation of better systemic therapies. Until recently, the multimodal management of brain metastases focused primarily on the utilization of neurosurgical techniques, with varying combinations of whole-brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radio-surgical procedures. Over the past 2 decades, in particular, the increment in knowledge pert...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - November 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Metformin Attenuates Tau Pathology in Tau-Seeded PS19 Mice
AbstractAccumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau is a histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Growing evidence demonstrated that tau pathology in AD spreads in a prion-like manner. Previous studies showed that metformin might have a positive effect on cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of metformin on tau propagation. Brain extracts containing tau aggregates were unilaterally injected into the hippocampus and the overlying cerebral cortex of PS19 mi...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - November 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Update on the Management of Brain Metastasis
AbstractBrain metastases occur in almost one-third of adult patients with solid tumor malignancies and lead to considerable patient morbidity and mortality. The rising incidence of brain metastases has been ascribed to the development of better imaging and screening techniques and the formulation of better systemic therapies. Until recently, the multimodal management of brain metastases focused primarily on the utilization of neurosurgical techniques, with varying combinations of whole-brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radio-surgical procedures. Over the past 2 decades, in particular, the increment in knowledge pert...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - November 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Metformin Attenuates Tau Pathology in Tau-Seeded PS19 Mice
AbstractAccumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau is a histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Growing evidence demonstrated that tau pathology in AD spreads in a prion-like manner. Previous studies showed that metformin might have a positive effect on cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of metformin on tau propagation. Brain extracts containing tau aggregates were unilaterally injected into the hippocampus and the overlying cerebral cortex of PS19 mi...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - November 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Therapeutic Potential of Combinative shRNA-Encoded Lentivirus-Mediated Gene Silencing to Accelerate Somatosensory Recovery After Spinal Cord Trauma
In this study, we have constructed the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) shRNA encoded-lentiviral vector (LV-shTRPA1) and P38 MAPK shRNA encoded-lentiviral vector (LV-shP38) to investigate the silencing effects of shRNAs and their ability to reprogram the neuroinflammatory responses, thereby enhancing somatosensory recovery after SCI. Our in vitro data employing HEK293-FT and activated macrophages demonstrated that delivered LV-shRNAs showed high transduction efficacy with no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, a combination of LV-shP38 and LV-shTRPA1 was found to be most effective at suppressing target genes, cutting ...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - November 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
