Combined Therapeutics: Future Opportunities for Co-therapy with Thrombectomy
AbstractStroke is an urgent public health issue with millions of patients worldwide living with its devastating effects. The advent of thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy has transformed the hyperacute care of these patients. However, a significant proportion of patients receiving these therapies still goes on to have unfavorable outcomes and many more remain ineligible for these therapies based on our current guidelines. The future of stroke care will depend on an expansion of the scope of thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy to patients outside traditional time windows, more distal occlusions, and large vess...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - March 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cell-Specific Expression of Human SIRT1 by Gene Therapy Reduces Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss Induced by Elevated Intraocular Pressure
AbstractSIRT1 prevents retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in several acute and subacute optic neuropathy models following pharmacologic activation or genetic overexpression. We hypothesized that adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of SIRT1 in RGCs in a chronic ocular hypertension model can reduce RGC loss, thereby preserving visual function by sustained therapeutic effect. A control vector AAV-eGFP and therapeutic vector AAV-SIRT1 were constructed and optimized for transduction efficiency. A magnetic microbead mouse model of ocular hypertension was optimized to induce a time-dependent and chronic loss of vis...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - March 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Seizure Rescue Therapies: Comparing Approved and Commonly Used Benzodiazepine Formulations
AbstractAcute seizure therapies given out of the hospital are important for interrupting acute repetitive and prolonged seizures and preventing hospitalization. These vary in their administration routes, indications for children and adults, pharmacologic profiles, and efficacy. We reviewed and compared the uses of current formulations available to treat acute seizures, including newly released intranasal (IN) benzodiazepines and older formulations which are widely used for interrupting seizures. (Source: Neurotherapeutics)
Source: Neurotherapeutics - March 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Memantine/Aripiprazole Combination Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction in Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism: Hippocampal CREB/BDNF Signaling and Glutamate Homeostasis
This study aimed at investigating the role of chronic memantine (20 mg/kg/day) and aripiprazole (3 mg/kg/day) combination therapy in the management of prenatal sodium valproate (VPA)-induced autistic-like/cognitive deficits in male Wistar rats. Pregnant female rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of VPA (600 mg/kg) to induce autistic-like behaviors i n their offspring. Prenatal VPA induced autistic-like symptoms (decreased social interaction and the appearance of stereotyped behavior) with deficits in spatial learning (in Morris water maze) and cognitive flexibility (in the attentional set-shifting task) in...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - March 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Pulsed Focused Ultrasound Reduces Hippocampal Volume Loss and Improves Behavioral Performance in the Kainic Acid Rat Model of Epilepsy
This study explores behavioral effects and hippocampal restoration induced by pulsed FUS in a kainic acid (KA) animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Twenty-nine male Sprague –Dawley rats were observed for 20 weeks with anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and behavioral performance evaluations, comprising measures of anxiety, limb usage, sociability, and memory. FUS targeted to the right hippocampus was given 9 and 14 weeks after KA was delivered to the right amygdala. Ultrasound pulsations were delivered with the acoustic settings of 0.25 of mechanical index, 0.5 W/cm2 of intensity spatial peak temporal avera...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - March 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Memantine/Aripiprazole Combination Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction in Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism: Hippocampal CREB/BDNF Signaling and Glutamate Homeostasis
This study aimed at investigating the role of chronic memantine (20 mg/kg/day) and aripiprazole (3 mg/kg/day) combination therapy in the management of prenatal sodium valproate (VPA)-induced autistic-like/cognitive deficits in male Wistar rats. Pregnant female rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of VPA (600 mg/kg) to induce autistic-like behaviors i n their offspring. Prenatal VPA induced autistic-like symptoms (decreased social interaction and the appearance of stereotyped behavior) with deficits in spatial learning (in Morris water maze) and cognitive flexibility (in the attentional set-shifting task) in...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - March 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Pulsed Focused Ultrasound Reduces Hippocampal Volume Loss and Improves Behavioral Performance in the Kainic Acid Rat Model of Epilepsy
This study explores behavioral effects and hippocampal restoration induced by pulsed FUS in a kainic acid (KA) animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Twenty-nine male Sprague –Dawley rats were observed for 20 weeks with anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and behavioral performance evaluations, comprising measures of anxiety, limb usage, sociability, and memory. FUS targeted to the right hippocampus was given 9 and 14 weeks after KA was delivered to the right amygdala. Ultrasound pulsations were delivered with the acoustic settings of 0.25 of mechanical index, 0.5 W/cm2 of intensity spatial peak temporal avera...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - March 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Big Data in Stroke: How to Use Big Data to Make the Next Management Decision
AbstractThe last decade has seen significant advances in the accumulation of medical data, the computational techniques to analyze that data, and corresponding improvements in management. Interventions such as thrombolytics and mechanical thrombectomy improve patient outcomes after stroke in selected patients; however, significant gaps remain in our ability to select patients, predict complications, and understand outcomes. Big data and the computational methods needed to analyze it can address these gaps. For example, automated analysis of neuroimaging to estimate the volume of brain tissue that is ischemic and salvageabl...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - March 10, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Molecular Biomarkers of Neuronal Injury in Epilepsy Shared with Neurodegenerative Diseases
AbstractIn neurodegenerative diseases, changes in neuronal proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood are viewed as potential biomarkers of the primary pathology in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent reports suggest, however, that level of neuronal proteins in fluids also alters in several types of epilepsy in various age groups, including children. With increasing evidence supporting clinical and sub-cli nical seizures in Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and in other less common neurodegenerative conditions, these findings call into question the specificity of neuronal protein r...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - March 8, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Interactions Between Antidepressants and Intestinal Microbiota
AbstractThe microbiota-gut-brain axis has been shown to influence human health and diseases, including depression. The interactions between drugs and intestinal microbiota are complex and highly relevant to treat diseases. Studies have shown an interaction between antidepressants and intestinal microbiota. Antidepressants may alter the abundance and composition of intestinal microbiota, which are closely related to the treatment outcomes of depression. Intestinal microbiota can influence the metabolism of antidepressants to change their availability (e.g., tryptophan can be metabolized to kynurenine by intestinal microbiot...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - March 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
