What ’s the Future of Vascular Neurology?
AbstractThe field of vascular neurology has made tremendous advances over the last several decades, with major shifts in diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of patients with stroke. Furthermore, the individuals who are providing the care represent a different cohort than those who were caring for stroke patients 30  years ago, with the increasing need for rapid decision-making for acute interventions and a larger workforce being needed to provide the many complicated aspects of care of stroke patients. Understanding the history of the field is critical before one can speculate about its future directions....
Source: Neurotherapeutics - May 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebellar Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in Essential Tremor Patients with Thalamic Stimulation: A Proof-of-Concept Study
AbstractEssential tremor (ET) is a disabling condition resulting from a dysfunction of cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuitry. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) or lesion of the ventral-intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM) is an effective treatment for severe ET. Transcranial cerebellar brain stimulation has recently emerged as a non-invasive potential therapeutic option. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of high-frequency non-invasive cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) in severe ET patients already operated for VIM-DBS. Eleven ET patients with VIM-DBS, and 10 ET patients without VIM-DBS and match...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - April 25, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Promise of Niacin in Neurology
We describe the neurological disorders in which niacin has been investigated or has been proposed as a candidate medication. These are multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, glioblastoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Fi nally, we explore the proposed mechanisms through which niacin may ameliorate neuropathology. While several questions remain, the prospect of niacin as a therapeutic to alleviate neurological impairment is promising. (Source: Neurotherapeutics)
Source: Neurotherapeutics - April 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Hemorrhagic Conversion of Acute Ischemic Stroke
AbstractStroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide; a serious complication of ischemic stroke is hemorrhagic transformation. Current treatment of acute ischemic stroke includes endovascular thrombectomy and thrombolytic therapy. Both of these treatment options are linked with increased risks of hemorrhagic conversion. The diagnosis and timely management of patients with hemorrhagic conversion is critically important to patient outcomes. This review aims to discuss hemorrhagic conversion of acute ischemic stroke including discussion of the pathophysiology, review of risk factors, imaging considerations, ...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - April 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Promise of Niacin in Neurology
We describe the neurological disorders in which niacin has been investigated or has been proposed as a candidate medication. These are multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, glioblastoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Fi nally, we explore the proposed mechanisms through which niacin may ameliorate neuropathology. While several questions remain, the prospect of niacin as a therapeutic to alleviate neurological impairment is promising. (Source: Neurotherapeutics)
Source: Neurotherapeutics - April 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Ferulic Acid Improves Synaptic Plasticity and Cognitive Impairments by Alleviating the PP2B/DARPP-32/PP1 Axis-Mediated STEP Increase and A β Burden in Alzheimer’s Disease
This study provides insight into the potential use of FA as a therapeutic strategy in AD. (Source: Neurotherapeutics)
Source: Neurotherapeutics - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke
AbstractThough rare, stroke in infants and children is an important cause of mortality and chronic morbidity in the pediatric population. Neuroimaging advances and implementation of pediatric stroke care protocols have led to the ability to rapidly diagnose stroke and in many cases determine the stroke etiology. Though data on efficacy of hyperacute therapies, such as intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, in pediatric stroke are limited, feasibility and safety data are mounting and support careful consideration of these treatments for childhood stroke. Recent therapeutic advances allow for targeted stroke p...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - April 18, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

⍺-Synuclein Structural Diversity and the Cellular Environment in ⍺-Synuclein Transmission Models and Humans
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are termed synucleinopathies, disorders that are characterized by the intracellular aggregation of the protein ɑ-synuclein. The cellular tropism of synuclein pathology in these syndromes is notably distinct since in the Lewy disorders, PD and DLB, ɑSyn forms aggregates in neurons whereas in MSA ɑSyn forms aggregates in oligodendrocytes. Studies examining ɑSyn pathology in experimental models and in human brain have now identified fibrillar ɑSyn with unique but distinct molecular signatures, suggesting th at the stru...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - April 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Contribution of Glial Cells to Polyglutamine Diseases: Observations from Patients and Mouse Models
AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are broadly characterized neuropathologically by the degeneration of vulnerable neuronal cell types in a specific brain region. The degeneration of specific cell types has informed on the various phenotypes/clinical presentations in someone suffering from these diseases. Prominent neurodegeneration of specific neurons is seen in polyglutamine expansion diseases including Huntington ’s disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA). The clinical manifestations observed in these diseases could be as varied as the abnormalities in motor function observed in those who have Huntington’s di...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - April 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research