The Potential of Long-Acting, Injectable PrEP, and Impediments to its Uptake
(Source: Journal of Urban Health)
Source: Journal of Urban Health - January 11, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Neighborhood Walkability, Historical Redlining, and Childhood Obesity in Denver, Colorado
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of neighborhood walkability and redlining, a historical practice of denying home loans to communities of color, with childhood obesity. We evaluated neighborhood walkability and walkable destinations for 250 participants of the Healthy Start cohort, based in the Denver metropolitan region. Eligible participants attended an examination between ages 4 and 8. Walkable destinations and redlining geolocations were determined based on residential addresses, and a weighting system for destination types was developed. Sidewalks and trails in Denver were included in the ne...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - January 9, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Structural Needs, Substance Use, and Mental Health Among Transgender and Nonbinary Young Adults in the San Francisco Bay Area: Findings from the Phoenix Study
AbstractTransgender and nonbinary (trans) young adults report high rates of substance use and adverse mental health outcomes; however, few studies have examined how social, economic, and legal factors may contribute to health inequities in this population. Guided by the structural vulnerability framework, this study sought to explore structural needs and whether these needs were associated with substance use and mental health outcomes among trans young adults. Between 2019 and 2021, 215 trans young adults aged 18 –29 from San Francisco Bay Area were recruited into a longitudinal study. Baseline data were used to examine ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - January 3, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Healthy Community Design, Anti-displacement, and Equity Strategies in the USA: A Scoping Review
AbstractRecent investments in built environment infrastructure to create healthy communities have highlighted the need for equity and environmental justice. Although the benefits of healthy community design (e.g., connecting transportation systems and land use changes) are well established, some reports suggest that these changes may increase property values. These increases can raise the risk of displacement for people with low incomes and/or who are from racial and ethnic minority groups, who would then miss out on benefits from changes in community design. This review scanned the literature for displacement mitigation a...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - December 29, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Diverging Neisseria gonorrhoeae Morbidity in Non-Hispanic Black and White Females: Application of Group-Based Trajectory Modeling to Trends in County-Level Morbidity 2003 –2018
AbstractNational trends in gonorrhea rates may obscure informative local variations in morbidity. We used group-based trajectory models to identify groups of counties with similar gonorrhea rate trajectories among non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) females using county-level data on gonorrhea cases in US females from 2003 to 2018. We assessed models with 1 –15 groups and selected final models based on fit statistics and identification of divergent trajectory groups with distinct intercepts and/or slopes. We mapped counties by assigned trajectory group and examined the association of county characterist...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - December 29, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Healthy Community Design, Anti-displacement, and Equity Strategies in the USA: A Scoping Review
AbstractRecent investments in built environment infrastructure to create healthy communities have highlighted the need for equity and environmental justice. Although the benefits of healthy community design (e.g., connecting transportation systems and land use changes) are well established, some reports suggest that these changes may increase property values. These increases can raise the risk of displacement for people with low incomes and/or who are from racial and ethnic minority groups, who would then miss out on benefits from changes in community design. This review scanned the literature for displacement mitigation a...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - December 29, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Diverging Neisseria gonorrhoeae Morbidity in Non-Hispanic Black and White Females: Application of Group-Based Trajectory Modeling to Trends in County-Level Morbidity 2003 –2018
AbstractNational trends in gonorrhea rates may obscure informative local variations in morbidity. We used group-based trajectory models to identify groups of counties with similar gonorrhea rate trajectories among non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) females using county-level data on gonorrhea cases in US females from 2003 to 2018. We assessed models with 1 –15 groups and selected final models based on fit statistics and identification of divergent trajectory groups with distinct intercepts and/or slopes. We mapped counties by assigned trajectory group and examined the association of county characterist...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - December 29, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Social Vulnerabilities and Spatial Access to Primary Healthcare through Car and Public Transportation System in the Albuquerque, NM, Metropolitan Area: Assessing Disparities through GIS and Multilevel Modeling
AbstractPrimary healthcare (PHC) is a keystone component of population health. However, inequities in public transportation access hinder equitable usage of PHC services by minoritized populations. Using the multimodal enhanced 2-step floating catchment area method and data in 2018 and 2019 for spatial access to PHC providers (n = 1166) and social vulnerability markers through census block (n = 543) and tract data (n = 226), a generalized linear mixed-effect model (GLMEM) was constructed to test the effects of sociodemographic and community area correlates on both car and bus transit spatial access to PHC in t...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - December 27, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
The Health and Economic Impact of Using a Sugar Sweetened Beverage Tax to Fund Fruit and Vegetable Subsidies in New York City: A Modeling Study
Abstract Low fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and high sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption are independently associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many people in New York City (NYC) have low FV intake and high SSB consumption, partly due to high cost of fresh FVs and low cost of and easy access to SSBs. A potential implementation of an SSB tax and an FV subsidy program could result in substantial public health and economic benefits. We used a validated microsimulation model for predicting CVD events to estimate the health impact and cost-effectiveness of SSB taxes, FV subsidi...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - December 22, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Decomposing the Intraurban Malnutrition Gap Between Poor and Non-poor Children in Colombia
This study suggests the coexistence of a double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in children under 5 years of age living in urban areas of Colombia. Stunting is as sociated with low-income levels while excess weight is associated with higher income levels. The identification of the main determinants of DBM and its relative importance, constitutes a contribution for public policy makers aimed at reducing socioeconomic gaps. (Source: Journal of Urban Health)
Source: Journal of Urban Health - December 19, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Influence of Neighborhood Built Environments on the Outdoor Free Play of Young Children: a Systematic, Mixed-Studies Review and Thematic Synthesis
We examined evidence for urban or suburban built environment influences on outdoor free play in 0 –6-year-olds, considering potential differences across gender, culture, and geography. We systematically searched seven literature databases for relevant qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies: of 5740 unique studies, 53 met inclusion criteria. We assessed methodological quality and thematically synthesized findings from included studies. Three broad themes, features of spaces for play, routes, and social factors intersected to influence the availability, accessibility, and acceptability of neighborhoods for yo...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - December 19, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Decomposing the Intraurban Malnutrition Gap Between Poor and Non-poor Children in Colombia
This study suggests the coexistence of a double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in children under 5 years of age living in urban areas of Colombia. Stunting is as sociated with low-income levels while excess weight is associated with higher income levels. The identification of the main determinants of DBM and its relative importance, constitutes a contribution for public policy makers aimed at reducing socioeconomic gaps. (Source: Journal of Urban Health)
Source: Journal of Urban Health - December 19, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
