Cumulative Neurotoxicological Air Pollution Exposure Is Associated with Lower Reading Improvement and Diminished Benefits of Literacy Interventions for Urban Elementary Students of Color
This study examined the direct main effects of cumulative neurotoxicological exposure on annual reading improvement. W e also tested the statistical interaction (i.e., moderation) of neurotoxicological exposure and academic intervention sessions on annual reading improvement for a large sample of ethnic minority (95%) elementary school children (n = 6080, k-6th grade) enrolled in a standard literacy enrichment program. These children were all behind grade level in reading and attended predominantly low-income schools (n = 85) in urban settings across the state of California. Multi-level modeling assessments accounted for r...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 19, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Patient Characteristics Associated with Telehealth Scheduling and Completion in Primary Care at a Large, Urban Public Healthcare System
We describe patient characteristics associated with being scheduled for and completing audio and video visits. We used data from patients at 17 adult primary care departments in a large, urban public healthcare system from August 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021. We used hierarchical multivariable logistic regression to generate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for patient characteristics associated with having been scheduled for and completed telehealth (vs in-person) visits and for video (vs audio) scheduling and completion during two time periods: a telehealth transition period (N = 190,949) and a telehealth elective period (N ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 12, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Impact of Human Activities on Disease-Spreading Mosquitoes in Urban Areas
AbstractUrbanization is one of the leading global trends of the twenty-first century that has a significant impact on health. Among health challenges caused by urbanization, the relationship of urbanization between emergence and the spread of mosquito-borne infectious diseases (MBIDs) is a great public health concern. Urbanization processes encompass social, economic, and environmental changes that directly impact the biology of mosquito species. In particular, urbanized areas experience higher temperatures and pollution levels than outlying areas but also favor the development of infrastructures and objects that are favor...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 5, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
The Association Between Census Tract Healthy Food Accessibility and Life Expectancy in the United States
AbstractAccessibility of healthy food is an important predictor for several health outcomes, but its association with life expectancy is unclear. We evaluated the association between U.S. Department of Agriculture ’s Food Research Atlas measures of healthy food accessibility and life expectancy at birth across contiguous U.S. census tracts using spatial modeling analysis. Both income and healthy food accessibility were associated with life expectancy at birth, as indicated by shorter life expectancy in low- income census tracts when comparing tracts with similar healthy food accessibility level, and in low-access tracts ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - June 1, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Alcohol Misuse, Binge Drinking, and their Associations with Psychosocial Factors during COVID-19 among Harlem Residents in New York City
This study examined alcohol misuse and binge drinking prevalence among Harlem residents, in New York City, and their associations with psycho-social factors such as substance use, depression symptom severity, and perception of community policing during COVID-19. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 398 adult residents between April and September 2021. Participants with a score of at least 3 for females or at least 4 for males out of 12 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test were considered to have alcohol misuse. Binge drinking was defined as self-reporting having six or more drinks on one occasion...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 30, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Examining a Hypothesized Causal Chain for the Effects of the 2007 Repeal of the Permit-to-Purchase Licensing Law in Missouri: Homicide Guns Recovered in State and within a Year of Purchase
This study examines two measures: (1) proportion of guns recovered and purchased in-state and (2) time between firearm purchase and recovery by police following criminal use. The repeal was associated from 2008 to 2019 with a 0.05 increase in the proportion own-state gun tra ce (p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval: 0.08,0.13) and a 0.10 increase in the proportion of guns recovered prior to 1 year after purchase (p = 0.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 1.90). Our study provides supportive evidence for the repeal increasing firearm-related homicides. (Source: Journal of Urban Health)
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 30, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Alcohol Misuse, Binge Drinking, and their Associations with Psychosocial Factors during COVID-19 among Harlem Residents in New York City
This study examined alcohol misuse and binge drinking prevalence among Harlem residents, in New York City, and their associations with psycho-social factors such as substance use, depression symptom severity, and perception of community policing during COVID-19. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 398 adult residents between April and September 2021. Participants with a score of at least 3 for females or at least 4 for males out of 12 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test were considered to have alcohol misuse. Binge drinking was defined as self-reporting having six or more drinks on one occasion...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 30, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Examining a Hypothesized Causal Chain for the Effects of the 2007 Repeal of the Permit-to-Purchase Licensing Law in Missouri: Homicide Guns Recovered in State and within a Year of Purchase
This study examines two measures: (1) proportion of guns recovered and purchased in-state and (2) time between firearm purchase and recovery by police following criminal use. The repeal was associated from 2008 to 2019 with a 0.05 increase in the proportion own-state gun tra ce (p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval: 0.08,0.13) and a 0.10 increase in the proportion of guns recovered prior to 1 year after purchase (p = 0.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 1.90). Our study provides supportive evidence for the repeal increasing firearm-related homicides. (Source: Journal of Urban Health)
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 30, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Spatial Inequities in Life Expectancy in Small Areas of Buenos Aires, Argentina 2015 –2017
AbstractStudies of life expectancy (LE) in small areas of cities are relatively common in high-income countries but rare in Latin American countries. Small-area estimation methods can help to describe and quantify inequities in LE between neighborhoods and their predictors. Our objective was to analyze the distribution and spatial patterning of LE across small areas of Ciudad Aut ónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Argentina, and its association with socioeconomic characteristics. As part of the SALURBAL project, we used georeferenced death certificates in 2015–2017 for CABA, Argentina. We used a spatial Bayesian Poisson mode...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 24, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Examining Increasing Racial Inequities in Opioid Overdose Deaths: a Spatiotemporal Analysis of Black and White Decedents in St. Louis, Missouri, 2011 –2021
AbstractThe third wave of the opioid overdose crisis —defined by the proliferation of illicit fentanyl and its analogs—has not only led to record numbers of overdose deaths but also to unprecedented racial inequities in overdose deaths impacting Black Americans. Despite this racialized shift in opioid availability, little research has examined how the spatial epidemiology of opioid overdose death has also shifted. The current study examines the differential geography of OOD by race and time (i.e., pre-fentanyl versus fentanyl era) in St. Louis, Missouri. Data included decedent records from the local medical examiners s...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - May 23, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
