Urban Form Metrics for Promoting Walking: Street Layouts and Destinations
This study used data from 12,378 adults from Alberta ’s Tomorrow Project (ATP), a prospective cohort study conducted in Alberta, Canada. Walking behaviors were obtained by questionnaires. Street layout and destination measures were calculated objectively. Covariate-adjusted multivariate linear models estimated the associations between the space synt ax street integration and duration of transport and leisure walking. The mediation effects of the availability of destinations in these associations were tested by the structural equation modelling. Street integration was significantly positively associated with transportatio...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 15, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
In Search of the Promised Land: County-Level Disadvantage and Low Birth Weight among Black Mothers of the Great Migration
This study measured the association between destination county disadvantage and odds of low birth weight during the last decade of the Great Migration. We used the US Census from 1970 as well as the birth records of first-time Black mothers who migr ated from the South collected through the National Center of Health Statistics from 1973 to 1980 (n = 154,145). We examined three measures of area-based opportunity: Black male high school graduation rate, Black poverty rate, and racialized economic residential segregation. We used multilevel logistic regression, where mothers were nested within US counties, to quantify the rel...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 14, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Mpox on Reddit: a Thematic Analysis of Online Posts on Mpox on a Social Media Platform among Key Populations
This study aimed to analyze social media data related to mpox onReddit since the mpox outbreak and identify themes associated with the impact on social behaviors and social processes among targeted population. Publicly available data were collected from the social mediaReddit. We extracted the summarized mpox-related posts since the beginning of May 2022 from popular subreddits that were popular among GBMSM. We thematically analyzed the content to identify the overall themes related to the GBMSM ’s responses to the outbreak. There is an overall increase in the number of daily mpox-related posts, with three upticks in lat...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 14, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Neighborhood-Level Risk Factors for Severe Hyperglycemia among Emergency Department Patients without a Prior Diabetes Diagnosis
The objective of this study was to identify neighborhood-level variables associated wi th severe hyperglycemia among emergency department (ED) patients without a history of diabetes. We analyzed patients without previously diagnosed diabetes for whom a random serum glucose value was obtained in the ED. We defined random glucose values ≥ 200 mg/dL as severe hyperglycemia, indica ting probable undiagnosed diabetes. Patient addresses were geocoded and matched with neighborhood-level socioeconomic measures from the American Community Survey and claims-based surveillance estimates of diabetes prevalence. Neighborhood-lev...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 14, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Associations of Urban Built Environment with Cardiovascular Risks and Mortality: a Systematic Review
AbstractWith rapid urbanization, built environment has emerged as a set of modifiable factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize evidence on the associations of attributes of urban built environment (e.g. residential density, land use mix, greenness and walkability) with cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. hypertension and arterial stiffness) and major CVD events including mortality. A total of 63 studies, including 31 of cross-sectional design and 32 of longitudinal design conducted across 21 geographical locations and published between 2012 and 2023 were extracted for revi...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 14, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Long-Term Exposure to Traffic Noise and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Diseases: a Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
AbstractWhile noise pollution from transportation has become an important public health problem, the relationships between different sources of traffic noise and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain inconclusive. A comprehensive meta-analysis was therefore conducted to quantitatively assess the effects of long-term exposure to road traffic, railway, and aircraft noise on CVDs and relevant subtypes. We systematically retrieved PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published before April 4, 2022. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by the fixed- or random-effects models. ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 14, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
In Search of the Promised Land: County-Level Disadvantage and Low Birth Weight among Black Mothers of the Great Migration
This study measured the association between destination county disadvantage and odds of low birth weight during the last decade of the Great Migration. We used the US Census from 1970 as well as the birth records of first-time Black mothers who migr ated from the South collected through the National Center of Health Statistics from 1973 to 1980 (n = 154,145). We examined three measures of area-based opportunity: Black male high school graduation rate, Black poverty rate, and racialized economic residential segregation. We used multilevel logistic regression, where mothers were nested within US counties, to quantify the rel...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 14, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Mpox on Reddit: a Thematic Analysis of Online Posts on Mpox on a Social Media Platform among Key Populations
This study aimed to analyze social media data related to mpox onReddit since the mpox outbreak and identify themes associated with the impact on social behaviors and social processes among targeted population. Publicly available data were collected from the social mediaReddit. We extracted the summarized mpox-related posts since the beginning of May 2022 from popular subreddits that were popular among GBMSM. We thematically analyzed the content to identify the overall themes related to the GBMSM ’s responses to the outbreak. There is an overall increase in the number of daily mpox-related posts, with three upticks in lat...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 14, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Health Equity Cannot Be Sought Without the Consideration of Racism In Equity-Focused Urban Health Initiatives
AbstractGiven that racism is present worldwide, we believe it is imperative to address racism in the pursuit of health equity in cities. Despite the strengths of global urban health efforts in improving health equity, these initiatives can be furthered by explicitly considering systemic racism. Because racism is a major contributor to health issues, utilizing critical race theory (CRT) and taking an anti-racist perspective can help key players understand how racial health differences are initiated and sustained, which will subsequently inform solutions in seeking to address urban health inequities. Applying CRT within poli...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 14, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Perceptions of Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living with HIV Who Use Drugs and Service Providers: a Qualitative Analysis in Rhode Island
AbstractLong-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) is a novel method to deliver HIV treatment, and the first regimen was approved in the USA in 2021. LAI-ART may mitigate barriers to oral treatment adherence, but little is known about LAI-ART perceptions among people living with HIV (PLWH) who use drugs, despite these populations facing greater barriers to treatment retention and ART adherence. We assessed LAI-ART perceptions and implementation considerations among PLWH who use drugs and health and ancillary service providers in Rhode Island. Data was collected from November 2021 to September 2022, and include...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 10, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Does Urban Greenspace Reduce Mortality Inequalities Based on Poverty, Race, or Both in Philadelphia, PA?
AbstractWhile past research suggests that urban greenspace is associated with weaker income-based mortality inequities, little is known about associations with racial inequities, which may be distinct owing to historical and contemporary forms of racism. We quantified the extent to which different measures of greenspace modified socioeconomic and racial/ethnic inequities in all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. For every residential census tract in Philadelphia, PA (N = 376), we linked counts of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (years 2008 –2015) with measures of greenspace (proportion tree canopy or gras...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 10, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
15-min Cities: the Potential of a Medium-Sized Polycentric Latin American City
AbstractUrban sustainability and sustainable mobility have become the central focus of sustainable development initiatives. The city of 15 models seeks to ensure that urban development is sustainable. This paper evaluates the current state of mobility and the use of sustainable transport in the specific context of the city of Antofagasta, which, due to its characteristics of urban expansion and its mining activity, has been considered an international reference case. In particular, we study how the current urban structure shapes the city ’s travel patterns and identify opportunities for public policy actions to focus the...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 10, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
From Crisis to Insight: Navigating Public Health Challenges in an Aging Society —Lessons from Hong Kong’s COVID-19 Experience
This article critically examines the experience of Hong Kong (HK) with the COVID-19 pandemic and highlights the urgent need for effective public health responses in an aging society. As one of the world ’s fastest aging societies, Hong Kong’s vulnerability to the consequences of pandemics is particularly pronounced due to low birth rates and high life expectancies. The city has experienced multiple waves of the COVID-19 virus, with the fifth wave causing some of the highest mortality rates in t he world. However, through continuous learning and adaptation, HK’s public health response has evolved to combat the crisis ...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 9, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Socioeconomic Status Disparities in Cognitive and Physical Functional Impairment among Older Adults: Comparison of Asians with other Major Racial/Ethnic Groups
This study investigated to what extent socioeconomic status (SES) disparity associates with cognitive and physical impairment within older Asian Americans in comparison with other races/ethnicities. Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 –2018 that included 3,297 White, 1,755 Black, 1,708 Hispanic, and 730 Asian Americans aged ≥ 60. Physical functioning was measured by activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Memory and language fluency were evaluated using the Alzheimer's Disease W ord List Memory Task and Animal Fluency Tests, respective...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - August 8, 2023 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
