Social Vulnerabilities and Spatial Access to Primary Healthcare through Car and Public Transportation System in the Albuquerque, NM, Metropolitan Area: Assessing Disparities through GIS and Multilevel Modeling
AbstractPrimary healthcare (PHC) is a keystone component of population health. However, inequities in public transportation access hinder equitable usage of PHC services by minoritized populations. Using the multimodal enhanced 2-step floating catchment area method and data in 2018 and 2019 for spatial access to PHC providers (nβ=β1166) and social vulnerability markers through census block (nβ=β543) and tract data (nβ=β226), a generalized linear mixed-effect model (GLMEM) was constructed to test the effects of sociodemographic and community area correlates on both car and bus transit spatial access to PHCΒ in the Albuquerque, New Mexico (NM) metropolitan area. Results for bus spatial access to PHC showed lo wer access for Hispanics (Bβ=ββββ0.097βΒ±β0.029 [ββ0.154,βββ0.040]) and non-Hispanic Whites (Bβ=ββββ0.106βΒ±β0.032 [ββ0.169,βββ0.043]) and a positive association between single-family households and bus spatial access (Bβ=β1.573βΒ±β0.349 [0.866, 2.261]). Greater disability vulnerability (Bβ=ββββ0.569βΒ±β0.173 [ββ0.919,βββ0.259]) and language vulnerability (Bβ=ββββ0.569βΒ±β0.173 [ββ0.919,βββ0.259]) were associated with decreased bus spatial access. For car spatial access to PHC, greater SES vulnerability (Bβ=ββββ0.338βΒ±β0.021 [ββ1.568, -0.143]), disability (Bβ=ββββ0.721βΒ±β.092 [ββ0.862,βββ0.50 9]), and language vulne...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - Category: Health Management Source Type: research