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Measuring the Distribution of Crime and Its Concentration
ConclusionsThe risk of suffering a crime is not uniformly distributed across a population. There are certain groups which are statistically immune to suffering crime but there are also groups which suffer chronic victimisation. This measure improves our understanding of how patterns of crime can be quantified allowing us to determine if a prevention policy results in a crime reduction rather than target displacement. The method may have applications beyond crime science. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - September 1, 2018 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

A Prospective Examination of Criminal Career Trajectories in Abused and Neglected Males and Females Followed Up into Middle Adulthood
ConclusionsThese new analyses provide evidence that child maltreatment affects patterns of offending and that there is an impact on females and males, although the impact differs by gender. Future research should build on this work by examining the mechanisms through which child maltreatment leads to differential patterns of offending throughout the life course. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - September 1, 2018 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Why is the Victimization of Young Latino Adults Higher in New Areas of Settlement?
ConclusionsOur analysis of the NCVS shows the importance of neighborhood factors for the risk of violence among young Latino adults. It provides evidence consistent with co-ethnic support and immigrant revitalization theories. The findings also suggest that the effects of those neighborhood factors may be contingent upon violence type and the context in which they occur. These findings help us understand the difference in the safety of young Latino adults in new and traditional areas. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - September 1, 2018 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Do Schools Cause Crime in Neighborhoods? Evidence from the Opening of Schools in Philadelphia
ConclusionsContrary to a large theoretical and empirical literature, the results suggest that school locations play a minimal role in neighborhood crime production in Philadelphia. Future research should investigate specific contexts and mechanisms, such as land-use characteristics and travel patterns to schools, which may interact with specific school settings in ways that are related to crime production. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - September 1, 2018 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Erratum to: Racial Disproportionality in U.S. State Prisons: Accounting for the Effects of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Criminal Involvement, Arrests, Sentencing, and Time Served
(Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - September 1, 2018 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

To Control or Be Controlled: Predicting Types of Offending in a Corporate Environment Using Control-Balance Theory
This study seeks to determine the extent to which Tittle ’s control balance (CB) theory (CBT: 1995) accurately predicts different types of deviance within a corporate setting (in this case, a financial services corporation). CB theory contends that deviance is the result of a control imbalance between the amount of control a person exerts and the amoun t to which they are subject. Control deficits result in repressive deviance (including most types of predatory crime). Control surpluses result in autonomous deviance (including many types of white collar offending).MethodWe exploit a unique dataset consisting of the inte...
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - August 24, 2018 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Incarceration and Personal Networks: Unpacking Measures and Meanings of Tie Strength
ConclusionsThere is some support for the notion that direct exposure to incarceration is linked to a weakening of ties akin to a “knifing-off” process (Maruna and Roy, J Contemp Crim Justice 23(1):104–124,2007). Indirect exposure to incarceration may follow an inverse pattern, strengthening the ties among those “left behind”. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - August 23, 2018 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Racial Disparity in U.S. Imprisonment Across States and Over Time
ConclusionWhile the racial disparity in imprisonment has been falling since 1996, it remains quite high as of 2014. Future work is required to better understand the policy determinants of this disparity. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - August 9, 2018 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Outcome Reporting Bias in Randomized Experiments on Substance Use Disorders
ConclusionsThe magnitude of outcome reporting bias raises considerable concern regarding inflated type I error rates. Implications for clinical trials on substance abuse, and randomized experiments in criminology, more generally, are discussed. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - July 20, 2018 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Interpreting t-Statistics Under Publication Bias: Rough Rules of Thumb
ConclusionUnder publication bias much higher t-values are needed to restore the intended p-value. By comparing the observed test scores with the adjusted critical values, this paper provides a rough rule of thumb for readers to evaluate the degree to which a reported positive result in a single publication reflects a true positive effect. Further measures to increase the reporting of robust null findings are needed to ameliorate the issue of publication bias. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - July 10, 2018 Category: Criminology Source Type: research