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The Network of Neighborhoods and Geographic Space: Implications for Joblessness While on Parole
ConclusionsStructural neighborhood-to-neighborhood networks are another component to understanding joblessness while people are on parole. The most consistent support was shown for the competition and structural support mechanisms, rather than spatial mismatch. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - April 14, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Gang Membership and Mental Health During the Transition to Adulthood
ConclusionsTo understand more comprehensively both the short- and long-term consequences of gang joining, scholars of crime and justice must expand their focus to include mental health —not solely as a predictor of group offending but also as its consequence. Future studies should also consider mental health in the context of gang desistance. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - April 10, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Correction to: Forecasting the Severity of Mass Public Shootings in the United States
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-021-09511-y (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - April 1, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Measuring the Built Environment with Google Street View and Machine Learning: Consequences for Crime on Street Segments
ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the efficacy of this approach for measuring the built environment. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - March 26, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Intimate Partner Victimization and Depressive Symptoms: Approaching Causal Inference Using a Longitudinal Twin Design
ConclusionsThe results offer further support for the mental health consequences associated with intimate partner victimization and help strengthen causal inference arguments for the relationship between intimate partner victimization and depressive symptoms later in life. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - March 22, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Global Crime Patterns: An Analysis of Survey Data from 166 Countries Around the World, 2006 –2019
ConclusionsDimensions of governance emerged as powerful determinants of levels of all types of crime. Important determinants of common crime besides governance were poverty, inequality, and proportion of youth. To some extent changes in these same characteristics of countries were found to be correlated with changes in levels of crime over the past fifteen years. The article concludes with a discussion of the study ’s limitations and suggestions for further research. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - March 20, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Pathways Through Juvenile Justice: A System-Level Assessment of Cumulative Disadvantage in the Processing of Juvenile Offenders
ConclusionsThe results underscore the need for more careful measurement and analysis of disadvantage and disparities in the criminal and juvenile justice systems. In particular, more attention should be paid to early outcomes such as detention, where large differences between racial and ethnic groups were observed, as well as to relative and absolute differences in processing outcomes. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - March 19, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

The Effect of a Death-in-Police-Custody Incident on Community Reliance on the Police
ConclusionsDespite a divisive death-in-police-custody incident, citizens were still willing to enlist police assistance. More broadly, the caretaking role of the police may be an important mechanism to strengthen community –police relations, particularly in marginalized neighborhoods vulnerable to strained community–police relations. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - March 18, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Equal Pay for Equal Work? Considering the Gender Gap in Illegal Pay
ConclusionsThe disadvantage women face in the legal workforce extends to illegal markets, and our understanding about the gender gap in legal pay can be translated to criminal contexts. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - March 17, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Forecasting the Severity of Mass Public Shootings in the United States
ConclusionsOur results suggest an uncertain, but concerning, future risk of large-scale mass public shootings, while also illustrating how such forecasts depend on assumptions made about the tail location and other details of the severity distribution model. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - March 15, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Explaining Crime Diversity with Google Street View
ConclusionsOur study has two primary implications for research on crime and place. First, Google Street View (via the Google Vision API) can provide important, cost-effective empirical insights to best understand distinct geographic environments of crime. Second, environmental diversity, as measured by image tagging in GSV, was observed to be more predictive of crime diversity (variety of crime types) than commonly used census measures. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - March 15, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Gang Graffiti, Group Process, and Gang Violence
ConclusionsFindings suggest gang graffiti provides clear clues about local “staging grounds,” where gang status is on the line and violence is expected and easily provoked. Thus, while gangs increasingly are dissing rivals and airing beefs through music (e.g., “diss tracks”) and in cyberspace, many still occupy and defend turf and write graffiti that communicates t hreats to other gangs and feeds into group processes associated with violence escalation and contagion. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - March 11, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Sobering Up After the Seventh Inning: Alcohol and Crime Around the Ballpark
ConclusionsThe findings provide further support for environmental theories of crime that note the congregation of people in places with excessive alcohol consumption is a generator of violent crime in cities. The consumption of alcohol in MLB stadiums appears to increase crime. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - March 8, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Measuring the Impacts of Everyday Police Proactive Activities: Tackling the Endogeneity Problem
ConclusionsShort-term adjustments in hot spot patrols appear to produce both reporting effects and temporary residual deterrent effects as measured through calls for service and police vehicle location data. Police could potentially enhance and prolong their deterrence by adopting more deliberate strategies with their daily proactive behaviors, including making their proactive activities more targeted and sustained. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - February 16, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research

Recruitment into Organized Crime: An Agent-Based Approach Testing the Impact of Different Policies
ConclusionsAgent-based models effectively enable to develop theoretically driven and empirically calibrated simulations of organized crime. The simulations can fill the gaps in evaluation research in the field of organized crime and allow us to test different policies in different environmental contexts. (Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology)
Source: Journal of Quantitative Criminology - February 15, 2021 Category: Criminology Source Type: research