Syk Inhibitor Attenuates Polymicrobial Sepsis in FcgRIIb-Deficient Lupus Mouse Model, the Impact of Lupus Characteristics in Sepsis
In conclusion, it was easier to induce Syk expression in FcgRIIb−/− macrophages than in WT macrophages. This might be because of the loss of inhibitory signaling, which might be responsible for prominent Syk abundance in the spleens of 40-week-old FcgRIIb−/− mice and the potent effect of Syk inhibitor in lupus mice compared with WT.J Innate Immun (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - September 14, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Different Innate Immune Responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Strains following Corneal Transplantation
Conclusions: Allogeneic corneal transplants are rejected in BALB/c as well as C57BL/6J mice, but tissue alterations with anterior synechiae are more pronounced in C57BL/6J recipients. Following syngeneic transplantation, C57BL/6J-recipient animals show a persistent graft swelling with increased numbers of CD38+/F4/80 + M1 macrophages in grafted tissue, in contrast to the common model using BALB/c-recipient mice. Our data strongly suggest that strain-dependent differences convey different innate immune responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6J strains. Accordingly, in murine keratoplasty experiments, the mouse line of both donor and...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - September 9, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
When Actin is Not Actin ’ Like It Should: A New Category of Distinct Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
An increasing number of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) have been identified over the last decade, which are caused by deleterious mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation. These mutations primarily affect hematopoietic cells and lead to defective function of immune cells, such as impaired motility, signaling, proliferative capacity, and defective antimicrobial host defense. Here, we review several of these immunological “actinopathies” and cover both clinical aspects, as well as cellular mechanisms of these PIDs. We focus in particular on the effect of these mutations on hum...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - August 26, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Increased CD11b and Decreased CD62L in Blood and Airway Neutrophils from Long-Term Smokers with and without COPD
There is incomplete mechanistic understanding of the mobilization of neutrophils in the systemic and local compartment in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this pilot study, we characterized how the adhesion molecules CD11b and CD62L, surface markers indicative of priming, are altered as neutrophils extravasate, and whether surface density of CD11b and CD62L differs between long-term tobacco smokers (LTS) with and without COPD compared with healthy never-smokers (HNS). Unstimulated blood neutrophils from LTS with (n = 5) and without (n = 9) COPD displayed lower surface density of CD62L compared ...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - August 21, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
A Leak in the Dike
J Innate Immun (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - August 20, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Road Not Taken: Commensal or Virulent Pathogen
J Innate Immun 2020;12:275 –276 (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - June 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Role of Type I IFNs in Influenza: Antiviral Superheroes or Immunopathogenic Villains?
The important role of interferons (IFNs) in antiviral innate immune defense is well established. Although recombinant IFN- α was approved for cancer and chronic viral infection treatment by regulatory agencies in many countries starting in 1986, no IFNs are approved for treatment of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. This is partially due to the complex effects of IFNs in acute influenza infection. IAV attacks the huma n respiratory system and causes significant morbidity and mortality globally. During influenza infection, depending on the strain of IAV and the individual host, type I IFNs can have protective antiviral ef...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - June 19, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Activation, Deficiency, and Reduced IFN- γ Production of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
This study demonstrates that circula ting MAIT cells are activated and numerically and functionally deficient in IBD patients. Furthermore, activated MAIT cells have the potential to migrate to inflamed tissues. These findings suggest an important role of MAIT cells in mucosal immunity in IBD.J Innate Immun (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - June 12, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Novel Insight into the in vivo Function of Mast Cell Chymase: Lessons from Knockouts and Inhibitors
Mast cells are now recognized as key players in diverse pathologies, but the mechanisms by which they contribute in such settings are only partially understood. Mast cells are packed with secretory granules, and when they undergo degranulation in response to activation the contents of the granules are expelled to the extracellular milieu. Chymases, neutral serine proteases, are the major constituents of the mast cell granules and are hence released in large amounts upon mast cell activation. Following their release, chymases can cleave one or several of a myriad of potential substrates, and the cleavage of many of these co...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - June 4, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Natural Killer T Cells Are Numerically and Functionally Deficient in Patients with Trauma
This study examined the frequency and function of NKT cells in trauma patients. Frequencies, proliferative responses to α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), and Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion levels of NKT cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from trauma patients and healthy controls (HC) were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating NKT cell levels were significantly reduced in trauma patients. Proliferation and IFN-γ production of circulating NKT cells in response to α-GalCer were markedly decreased in trauma patients. CD69 expression levels produced by NKT cells were significantly upregulated in trauma patients compar...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - May 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Once upon a Time
J Innate Immun 2020;12:201 –202 (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - May 15, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
COVID-19: Possible Impact of the Genetic Background in < b > < i > IFNL < /i > < /b > Genes on Disease Outcomes
J Innate Immun 2020;12:273 –274 (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - April 28, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Modulation of Airway Epithelial Innate Immunity and Wound Repair by M(GM-CSF) and M(M-CSF) Macrophages
In conclusion, dynamic crosstalk between ALI-PBEC and macrophages enhances epithelial innate immunity and wound repair, even upon concomitant cigarette smoke exposure.J Innate Immun (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - April 14, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Humoral First-Line Mucosal Innate Defence in vivo
In conclusion, this review highlights opportunities for complex actions and interactions provided by non-sieved plasma proteins/peptides on the surface of intact mucosal barriers in vivo.J Innate Immun (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - March 23, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Serious, Severe, Sepsis
J Innate Immun 2020;12:129 –130 (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - January 31, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
