Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Second Decade
Nearly 15 years after the first description of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), our knowledge concerning this structure has expanded considerably. Initially, NETs were considered solely an elaborate function of the innate immune system to combat invading microorganisms. Successively it became clear that NETs have farther-reaching capabilities. They are involved in a series of pathophysiological mechanisms ranging from inflammation to thrombosis where they fulfill essential functions when produced at the right site and the right time but can have a serious impact when generation or clearance of NETs is inadequately co...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - June 15, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Myelopoiesis in the Context of Innate Immunity
An intact and fully functional innate immune system is critical in the defense against pathogens. Indeed, during systemic infection, the ability of the organism to cope with the increased demand for phagocytes depends heavily on sufficient replenishment of mature myeloid cells. This process, designated emergency or demand-adapted myelopoiesis, requires the activation of hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow (BM), resulting in their proliferation and differentiation toward the myeloid lineage. Failure of BM progenitors to adapt to the enhanced need for mature cells in the periphery can be life-threatening, as indicat...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - June 6, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
< b > < i > P. gingivalis < /i > < /b > Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase Can Modulate Neutrophil Activity via Infection of Human Dental Stem Cells
Periodontitis (PD) is a widespread chronic inflammatory disease in the human population.Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with PD and can citrullinate host proteins viaP. gingivalis peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD). Here, we hypothesized that infection of human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) withP. gingivalis and subsequent interaction with neutrophils will alter the neutrophil phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we established and analyzed a triple-culture system of neutrophils and hDFSCs primed withP. gingivalis. Mitogen-activated pathway blocking reagents were applied to gain insight into stem cell signaling...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - June 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Mucosal Immune Response in Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue upon Intranasal Administration by Adjuvants
The nasal administration of vaccines directed against diseases caused by upper respiratory tract infections of pathogens, such as the influenza virus, mimics the natural infection of pathogens and induces immunoglobulin A (IgA) production in the nasal cavity to effectively protect viral entry. Therefore, the development of a nasally administered vaccine is a research objective. Because the antigenicity of influenza split vaccines is low, nasal inoculation with the vaccine alone does not induce strong IgA production in the nasal cavity. However, the addition of adjuvants activates the innate immune response, enhancing antig...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - June 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Balancing Act of Inflammation
J Innate Immun 2018;10:1 –2 (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - May 31, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The cGAS/STING Pathway Is Important for Dendritic Cell Activation but Is Not Essential to Induce Protective Immunity against < b > < i > Mycobacterium tuberculosis < /i > < /b > Infection
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remains a major public health concern. The STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway contributes to the cytosolic surveillance of host cells. Most studies on the role of STING activation in Mtb infection have focused on macrophages. Moreover, a detailed investigation of the role of STING during Mtb infection in vivo is required. Here, we deciphered the involvement of STING in the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and the host response to Mtb infection in vivo. In DCs, this adaptor molecule was important forIfn- β expression and IL-12 production as well as for the surface e...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - May 29, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
A Central Role for Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Control of Intestinal Epithelial Chemokine Expression
In conclusion, our data identify HO-1 as a central regulator of IEC chemokine expression that may contribute to homeostasis in the intestinal mucosa.J Innate Immun (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - May 29, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Aerobic Exercise Protects from < b > < i > Pseudomonas aeruginosa < /i > < /b > -Induced Pneumonia in Elderly Mice
Conclusions: AE inhibitsPS-induced lung inflammation and bacterial colonization in elderly mice, involving IL-10/NF- κB, and redox signaling.J Innate Immun (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - May 29, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Antifungal Innate Immunity: A Perspective from the Last 10 Years
Fungal pathogens can rarely cause diseases in immunocompetent individuals. However, commensal and normally nonpathogenic environmental fungi can cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Over the last few decades, there has been a huge increase in the incidence of invasive opportunistic fungal infections along with a worrying increase in antifungal drug resistance. As a consequence, research focused on understanding the molecular and cellular basis of antifungal immunity has expanded tremendously in the last few years. This review will provide an overview of the most exciting recent advances in in...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - May 16, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Understanding and Management of Organism Toxicity in Septic Shock
The toxicity caused by different organisms in septic shock is substantially complex and characterized by an intricate pathogenicity that involves several systems and pathways. Immune cells ’ pattern recognition receptors initiate the host response to pathogens after the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In essence, the subsequent activation of downstream pathways may progress to infection resolution or to a dysregulated host response that represents the hallmark of organ injury in septic shock. Likewise, the management of organism toxicity in septic shock is complicated and comprises a multiplicity o...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - May 15, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Influence of Commensal Microbiota on the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases
When thinking about neurodegenerative diseases, the first symptoms that come to mind are loss of memory and learning capabilities, which all resemble hallmarks of manifestation of such diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the gut comprises the largest nervous system outside the CNS that is autonomously active and in close interplay with its microbiota. Therefore, the enteric nervous system (ENS) might serve as an indicator of degenerative pathomechanisms that also affect the CNS. On the other hand, it might offer an entry point for devastating influences from the microbial community or – conversely – ...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - May 9, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Ins and Outs of Myeloid Cells in Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation of the arterial vessel wall that arises from an imbalanced lipid metabolism. A growing body of literature describes leukocyte recruitment as a critical step in the initiation and progression of lesion development. By contrast, the role of leukocytes during plaque regression has been described in less detail. Leukocyte egress might be an important step to resolving chronic inflammation and therefore it may be a promising target for limiting advanced lesion development. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of leukocyte recruitment to the arterial vessel wall. We will d...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - April 18, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Neutrophils and Bacterial Immune Evasion
Neutrophils are an important component of the innate immune system and provide a front line of defense against bacterial infection. Although most bacteria are killed readily by neutrophils, some bacterial pathogens have the capacity to circumvent destruction by these host leukocytes. The ability of bacterial pathogens to avoid killing by neutrophils often involves multiple attributes or characteristics, including the production of virulence molecules. These molecules are diverse in composition and function, and collectively have the potential to alter or inhibit neutrophil recruitment, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, ...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - April 11, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
< b > < i > Pseudomonas aeruginosa < /i > < /b > and < b > < i > Klebsiella < /i > < /b > < b > < i > pneumoniae < /i > < /b > Adaptation to Innate Immune Clearance Mechanisms in the Lung
Many different species of gram-negative bacteria are associated with infection in the lung, causing exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis (CF), and ventilator-associated pneumonias. These airway pathogens must adapt to common host clearance mechanisms that include killing by antimicrobial peptides, antibiotics, oxidative stress, and phagocytosis by leukocytes. Bacterial adaptation to the host is often evident phenotypically, with increased extracellular polysaccharide production characteristic of some biofilm-associated organisms. Given the relatively limited repertoire of bacterial strate...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - April 4, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Erratum
J Innate Immun 2018;10:161 –161 (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - March 13, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
