Innate Immune Training with Bacterial Extracts Enhances Lung Macrophage Recruitment to Protect from Betacoronavirus Infection
Training of the innate immune system with orally ingested bacterial extracts was demonstrated to have beneficial effects on infection clearance and disease outcome. The aim of our study was to identify cellular and molecular processes responsible for these immunological benefits. We used a murine coronavirus (MCoV) A59 mouse model treated with the immune activating bacterial extract Broncho-Vaxom (BV) OM-85. Tissue samples were analysed with qPCR, RNA sequencing, histology, and flow cytometry. After BV OM-85 treatment, interstitial macrophages accumulated in lung tissue leading to a faster response of type I interferon (IF...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - November 12, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Yin and Yang of Biofilm Formation and Cyclic di-GMP Signaling of the Gastrointestinal Pathogen < b > < i > Salmonella enterica < /i > < /b > Serovar Typhimurium
Within the last 60 years, microbiological research has challenged many dogmas such as bacteria being unicellular microorganisms directed by nutrient sources; these investigations produced new dogmas such as cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (cyclic di-GMP) second messenger signaling as a ubiquitous regulator of the fundamental sessility/motility lifestyle switch on the single-cell level. Successive investigations have not yet challenged this view; however, the complexity of cyclic di-GMP as an intracellular bacterial signal, and, less explored, as an extracellular signaling molecule in combination with the conformational fl...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - November 12, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Dysregulated Immunometabolism Is Associated with the Generation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in < b > < i > Staphylococcus aureus < /i > < /b > Chronic Infection
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a compendium of immature myeloid cells that exhibit potent T-cell suppressive capacity and expand during pathological conditions such as cancer and chronic infections. Although well-characterized in cancer, the physiology of MDSCs in the infection setting remains enigmatic. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and functional metabolic profiling to gain deeper insights into the factors governing the generation and maintenance of MDSCs in chronicStaphylococcus aureus infection. We found that MDSCs originate not only in the bone marrow but also at extramedulla...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - November 11, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Acknowledgement to the Reviewers
J Innate Immun 2021;13:404 –405 (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - November 1, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Macrophage-Biomimetic Nanoparticles Ameliorate Ulcerative Colitis through Reducing Inflammatory Factors Expression
Conclusion: We describe a convenient, orally targeted colitis drug delivery system that cures the disease in ulcerative colitis mice. This system substantially increases drug accumulation in inflamed colonic tissue, reduces the risk of systemic exposure, and is a promising therapeutic approach against ulcerative colitis.J Innate Immun (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - November 1, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Some Like It Hot
J Innate Immun 2021;13:1 –2 (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 26, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Gene Signature of Activated M-CSF-Primed Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Is IL-10-Dependent
During inflammatory responses, monocytes are recruited into inflamed tissues, where they become monocyte-derived macrophages and acquire pro-inflammatory and tissue-damaging effects in response to the surrounding environment. In fact, monocyte-derived macrophage subsets are major pathogenic cells in inflammatory pathologies. Strikingly, the transcriptome of pathogenic monocyte-derived macrophage subsets resembles the gene profile of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-primed monocyte-derived human macrophages (M-M Ø). As M-MØ display a characteristic cytokine profile after activation (IL10high TNFlow IL23low IL6...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 20, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Role of Streptococcal Cell-Envelope Proteases in Bacterial Evasion of the Innate Immune System
Bacteria possess the ability to evolve varied and ingenious strategies to outwit the host immune system, instigating an evolutionary arms race. Proteases are amongst the many weapons employed by bacteria, which specifically cleave and neutralize key signalling molecules required for a coordinated immune response. In this article, we focus on a family of S8 subtilisin-like serine proteases expressed as cell-envelope proteases (CEPs) by group A and group B streptococci. Two of these proteases known asStreptococcus pyogenes CEP (SpyCEP) and C5a peptidase cleave the chemokine CXCL8 and the complement fragment C5a, respectively...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 14, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Innate Host Defense against < b > < i > Klebsiella pneumoniae < /i > < /b > and the Outlook for Development of Immunotherapies
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a Gram-negative commensal bacterium and opportunistic pathogen. In healthy individuals, the innate immune system is adept at protecting againstK. pneumoniae infection. Notably, the serum complement system and phagocytic leukocytes (e.g., neutrophils) are highly effective at eliminatingK. pneumoniae and thereby preventing severe disease. On the other hand, the microbe is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections, especially in individuals with underlying susceptibility factors, such as pre-existing severe illness or immune suppression. The burden ofK. pneumoniae infections in...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 8, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Complexes by Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Particles and Stimulation of Immune Cell Migration in vivo
Beta-tricalcium phosphate ( β-TCP) serves as a bone substitute in clinical practice because it is resorbable, biocompatible, osteointegrative, and osteoconductive. Particles of β-TCP are also inflammatory mediators although the mechanism of this function has not been fully elucidated. Regardless, the ability of β-TCP to sti mulate the immune system might be useful for immunomodulation. The present study aimed to determine the effects of β-TCP particles on NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complexes. We found that β-TCP activates NLRP3 inflammasomes, and increases interleukin (IL)-1β productio ...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 7, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Vitamin D Enhances Neutrophil Generation and Function in Zebrafish ( < b > < i > Danio rerio < /i > < /b > )
Vitamin D (VD) is a major regulator of calcium metabolism in many living organisms. In addition, VD plays a key role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity in vertebrates. Neutrophils constitute an important part of the first line of defense against invading microbes; however, the potential effect of VD on neutrophils remains elusive. Thus, in this study zebrafish in different developmental stages were utilized to identify the potential role of VD in the basal homeostasis and functions of neutrophils. Our results showed that addition of exogenous VD3 promoted granulopoiesis in zebrafish larvae. Reciprocally, neutrophil...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - September 24, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
C-Reactive Protein: More than a Biomarker
J Innate Immun (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - September 1, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Role of Innate Immune Cells in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a very common hepatic pathology featuring steatosis and is linked to obesity and related conditions, such as the metabolic syndrome. When hepatic steatosis is accompanied by inflammation, the disorder is defined as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which in turn can progress toward fibrosis development that can ultimately result in cirrhosis. Cells of innate immunity, such as neutrophils or macrophages, are central regulators of NASH-related inflammation. Recent studies utilizing new experimental technologies, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, have revealed substantial heter...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - August 24, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Emerging Roles of Eosinophils and Procalcitonin
Antibiotics can improve the prognosis in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the overuse of antibiotics can carry serious adverse effects for patients (gastrointestinal infections) and for society (bacterial resistance). Likewise, systemic corticosteroids may also help these patients, but also carries severe adverse effects like osteoporosis, muscle loss, and diabetes, in many patients. Whenever safe methods exist to reduce these two treatment modalities, they should be implemented. The blood biomarkers procalcitonin and the fraction of leukocytes known as eosinophil granulocytes h...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - August 24, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
T-Cell Immune Imbalance in Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Associated with Alterations in NK Cells and NK-Like T Cells Expressing CD38
Conclusions: This study suggest that the high CD38+ NK cell proportion and low CD38+ NK-like T cell proportion in RA suppress Treg cell differentiation by stimulating mTOR signaling in CD4+ T cells, which consequentially disturbs the immune tolerance.J Innate Immun (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - August 24, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
