Dynamics of Structural Barriers and Innate Immune Components during Incubation of the Avian Egg: Critical Interplay between Autonomous Embryonic Development and Maternal Anticipation
The integrated innate immune features of the calcareous egg and its contents are a critical underpinning of the remarkable evolutionary success of the Aves clade. Beginning at the time of laying, the initial protective structures of the egg, i.e., the biomineralized eggshell, egg-white antimicrobial peptides, and vitelline membrane, are rapidly and dramatically altered during embryonic development. The embryo-generated extra-embryonic tissues (chorioallantoic/amniotic membranes, yolk sac, and associated chambers) are all critical to counteract degradation of primary egg defenses during development. With a focus on the chic...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - November 2, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
< b > < i > Trichomonas vaginalis < /i > < /b > Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Human Macrophages
Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted, eukaryotic parasite that causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral, sexually transmitted disease in the USA and worldwide. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the host immune response to this widespread parasite. Here we report thatT. vaginalis induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human macrophages, leading to caspase-1 activation and the processing of pro-IL-1 β to the mature and bioactive form of the cytokine. Using inhibitor-based approaches, we show that NLRP3 activation byT. vaginalis involves host cell detection of extracellular ATP vi...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - November 2, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
AIF-1 and RNASET2 Play Complementary Roles in the Innate Immune Response of Medicinal Leech
Recent studies demonstrated that allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) and RNASET2 act as chemoattractants for macrophages and modulate the inflammatory processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The expression of these proteins significantly increases after bacterial infection; however, the mechanisms by which they regulate the innate immune response are still poorly defined. Here, we evaluate the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide injection on the expression pattern of these genes and the interrelation between them during innate immune response in the medicinal leech, an invertebrate model with a simple anato...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 26, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
< b > < i > Journal of Innate Immunity < /i > < /b > Ten Years Later
J Innate Immun (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 25, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Biofilm-Leukocyte Cross-Talk: Impact on Immune Polarization and Immunometabolism
Biofilms are bacterial communities contained within an extracellular matrix, which can colonize both native tissues and artificial surfaces. In particular, indwelling medical devices and prosthetic implants are targets for biofilm formation because they facilitate bacterial attachment via host proteins that coat the foreign body. Biofilm infections are particularly challenging to treat, since they are not readily cleared by antibiotics, require invasive procedures to eradicate, and are prone to recurrence. It has been demonstrated that biofilm-derived products can actively suppress proinflammatory immune responses, as evid...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 24, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Compromised DNA Repair and Signalling in Human Granulocytes
In previous studies, we showed impaired DNA repair in human monocytes. Here, we addressed the question of whether human neutrophilic granulocytes that arise from the same precursor as monocytes exhibit a similar phenotype and are impaired in repairing their DNA. We show that neutrophilic granulocytes isolated from peripheral blood display a lack of the same repair proteins that are missing in monocytes and do not show repair of their DNA when damaged by ionising radiation (IR) or chemical ROS. Contrary to T cells, we observed no decline in the number of single-strand breaks following γ-radiation. Also, granulocytes did no...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 8, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Surfactant Proteins A and D: Trimerized Innate Immunity Proteins with an Affinity for Viral Fusion Proteins
Innate recognition of viruses is an essential part of the immune response to viral pathogens. This is integral to the maintenance of healthy lungs, which are free from infection and efficient at gaseous exchange. An important component of innate immunity for identifying viruses is the family of C-type collagen-containing lectins, also known as collectins. These secreted, soluble proteins are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including viral glycoproteins. These innate immune proteins are composed of trimerized units which oligomerise into higher-order struc...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 5, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Cyclic Dimeric Guanosine Monophosphate: Activation and Inhibition of Innate Immune Response
Cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a universally conserved second messenger that contributes to the pathogenicity of numerous bacterial species. In recent years, growing evidence has shown that bacterial extracellular c-di-GMP can interact with the innate immune system and regulate host immune responses. This review summarizes our current understanding on the dual roles of bacterial c-di-GMP in pathogen-host interaction: activation of the antibacterial innate immune response through the cytosolic surveillance pathway and inhibition of innate immune defense for iron restriction.J Innate Immun (Source: Jour...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 4, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Expanding Neutrophil Horizons: New Concepts in Inflammation
Research into neutrophil biology in the last 10 years has uncovered a number of unexpected aspects of this still mysterious innate immune cell. Advances in technology have allowed visualisation of neutrophil trafficking to sites of inflammation, and, remarkably, neutrophils have been observed to depart from the scene in what has been termed reverse migration. There has also been increasing appreciation of the heterogeneity of neutrophils with ongoing categorisation of neutrophil subsets, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells and low-density granulocytes. Newly recognised neutrophil functions include the ability to rel...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 4, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Catch Me if You Can: < b > < i > Streptococcus pyogenes < /i > < /b > Complement Evasion Strategies
The human host has evolved elaborate protection mechanisms to prevent infection from the billions of microorganisms to which it host is exposed and is home. One of these systems, complement, is an evolutionary ancient arm of innate immunity essential for combatting bacterial infection. Complement permits the efficient labelling of bacteria with opsonins, supports phagocytosis, and facilitates phagocyte recruitment to the site of infection through the production of chemoattractants. However, it is by no means perfect, and certain organisms engage in an evolutionary arms race with the host where complement has become a major...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 4, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Gut Microbiota and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Challenges and Potentials
The human gut microbiota gained tremendous importance in the last decade as next-generation technologies of sequencing and multiomics analyses linked the role of the microbial communities to host physiology and pathophysiology. A growing number of human pathologies and diseases are linked to the gut microbiota. One of the main mechanisms by which the microbiota influences the host is through its interactions with the host immune system. These interactions with both innate and adaptive host intestinal and extraintestinal immunity, although usually commensalistic even mutualistic with the host, in some cases lead to serious ...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - October 4, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
A Trypsin-Sensitive Proteoglycan from the Tapeworm < b > < i > Hymenolepis diminuta < /i > < /b > Inhibits Murine Neutrophil Chemotaxis in vitro by Suppressing p38 MAP Kinase Activation
It has emerged that neutrophils can play important roles in the host response following infection with helminth parasites. Mice infected with the tapeworm,Hymenolepis diminuta, are protected from some inflammatory conditions, accompanied by reduced neutrophil tissue infiltration. Thus, the ability of a phosphate-buffered saline-soluble extract of the worm (H. diminuta extract [HdE]) was tested for (1) its ability to activate murine neutrophils (Ca2+ mobilization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokine production); and (2) affect neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro to the penta-peptide, WKYMVm, the chemokine, KC, and leukotr...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - September 11, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
< b > < i > Staphylococcus epidermidis < /i > < /b > Activates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling in Human Keratinocytes: Implications for Cutaneous Defense
We report that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was activated in human primary keratinocytes infected withS. epidermidis, leading to induction of the AhR-responsive gene cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). In addition, functional AhR was required forS. epidermidis-mediated induction of IL-1 β expression in keratinocytes. AhR-dependent gene induction of IL-1β and CYP1A1 was mediated by factor(s) #x3c; 2 kDa secreted byS. epidermidis. Blockade of the AhR in a 3D organotypic skin equivalent infected withS. epidermidis attenuated theS. epidermidis-induced CYP1A1 and IL-1 β expression. Moreover,S. epidermidis also induced expre...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - September 7, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
< b > < i > Candida < /i > < /b > : Platelet Interaction and Platelet Activity in vitro
Over the last 2 decades, platelets have been recognized as versatile players of innate immunity. The interaction of platelets with fungal pathogens and subsequent processes may critically influence the clinical outcome of invasive mycoses. Since the role of platelets inCandida infections is poorly characterized and controversially discussed, we studied interactions of human platelets with yeast cells, (pseudo-)hyphae, biofilms and secretory products of human pathogenicCandida species applying platelet rich plasma and a whole blood model. Incubation ofCandida with platelets resulted in moderate mutual interaction with some ...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - September 7, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
With Complement
J Innate Immun 2018;10:1 –2 (Source: Journal of Innate Immunity)
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - September 7, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
