The role of genetically-influenced phospholipid transfer protein activity in lipoprotein metabolism and coronary artery disease
The phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) facilitates the transfer of surface phospholipids between lipoprotein particles. For example, during the lipolytic conversion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), PLTP transfers excess phospholipids to high-density lipoprotein (HDL), allowing TRL remnants to reduce in size (1-3). As such, PLTP plays an important role in the metabolism of both TRLs and HDL, and affects their particle size and composition. Evidence regarding the association of PLTP activity with coronary artery disease (CAD) is inconsistent. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - March 29, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Linjun Ao, Raymond Noordam, Patrick C.N. Rensen, Diana van Heemst, Ko Willems van Dijk Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Detecting Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An Observational Study Leveraging Mandatory Universal Pediatric Total Cholesterol Screening in Slovakia
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder that is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. FH is characterized by a lifelong exposure to high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which causes early and accelerated atherogenesis. Patients with genetically defined FH have a risk of coronary heart disease that is>10-fold than that of the general population, and a 3-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease at the same LDL-C level.1 The relative cardiovascular risk patients with FH is highest between the ages of 25 and 40 years. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - March 29, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Katarina Raslova, Viera Donicova, Katarina Gonova, Alexander Klabnik, Lukas Tichy, Ian Bridges, Dagmar Buckova, Marie Zachlederova, Tomas Freiberger, Branislav Vohnout Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Genetically and Clinically Confirmed Atypical Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis with Normal Cholestanol and Marked Elevations of Bile Acid Precursors and Bile Alcohols
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX, OMIM 213700) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with deficiency of the CYP27A1 enzyme (sterol 27-hydroxylase), encoded by the CYP27A1 gene1, 2. The presentation of clinical features in CTX is complex, with heterogeneous symptoms, variable severity and evolution of complications, and diverse differences in progression of disease even within the same family1, 2. In a series of 43 cases in the United States, the mean age at diagnosis was 32 years3. In these patients, 53% experienced chronic diarrhea in childhood, 74% had cognitive impairment in childhood adolescence, 70% wer...
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - March 15, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Andrea E DeBarber, Ernst J. Schaefer, Jenny Do, Joseph W Ray, Austin Larson, Samantha Redder, Maya Fowler, P Barton Duell Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Longitudinal analysis of clinical and laboratory biomarkers in a patient with Familial Lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (FLD) and accelerated eGFR decline: a case study.
Familial LCAT Deficiency (FLD) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by complete loss of function variants in the gene encoding for lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT).1FLD is characterized by very low HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, often reduced LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, elevated and variable triglycerides (TG), and the presence of abnormal lipoproteins such as lipoprotein X (LpX), which is believed to be nephrotoxic.1 Despite having significantly reduced HDL-C levels, FLD patients are not higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - March 13, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Gregory Alfaro, Jay Pendyala, Michael Sulewski, Michael Miller, Cecilia Vitali, Marina Cuchel Tags: Case Study Source Type: research
Effect of Statin Use on Liver Enzymes and Lipid Profile in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease with the prevalence of approximately 30%.1 The prevalence goes up among specific high-risk populations: 30-50% in patients with type 2 diabetes, and 80-90% in patients with obesity.2,3 (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - March 12, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Anh Ho, Takako Kiener, Quynh-Nhu Nguyen, Quang A. Le Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Overcoming the real and imagined barriers to cholesterol screening in pediatrics
The recent United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement declaring incomplete evidence for or against universal lipid screening in young people has highlighted both discordances with previously published multi-national and multi-society guidelines and evidence gaps related to lipid screening early in life.1 Conflicting recommendations add unnecessary challenges that delay incorporation of screening, identification, and treatment of young people with lipid disorders, particularly familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - March 5, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Tyler J. Schubert, Samuel S. Gidding, Laney K. Jones Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Malar rash and hand tremor in early symptoms of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid on them
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX, OMIM #213700) is a rare, autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative lipid storage disease with multisystemic involvement.1 The incidence of CTX is estimated to be between 1/72000-1/150000, and prevalence is 3/100000-5/100000.2 CTX disease occurs due to mutations in the CYP27A1 gene on chromosome 2, which causes defects in synthesizing the sterol 27-hydroxylase enzyme that plays a role in mitochondrial cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis.1,3 This enzyme deficiency causes a decrease in the production of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid and an increase in the production of chol...
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - February 28, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Banu Kad ıoğlu Yılmaz, Halil Çelik Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Pancreatitis polygenic risk score is associated with acute pancreatitis in multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome
Severe hypertriglyceridemia (hyperTG) is defined clinically as fasting triglycerides (TG) levels ≥ 10 mmol/L1. Severe hyperTG is often caused by the accumulation of chylomicrons in the circulation, a condition known as chylomicronemia syndrome1. Chylomicronemia syndrome is a relatively common metabolic condition in North America population, with an estimated prevalence around 1:10002-7. Howev er, it is likely underreported, and the prevalence will probably increase in context of the current epidemy of obesity and type 2 diabetes1, 4. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - February 22, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Simon-Pierre Guay, Martine Paquette, Am élie Taschereau, Véronique Desgagné, Luigi Bouchard, Sophie Bernard, Alexis Baass Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Statins Use for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Population-based Digitally Enabled Real-world Evidence Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care in Brazil
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).1 Statins represent a key strategy to prevent dyslipidemia-associated CVD morbidity and mortality, because of their reduction on LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, as well as anti-inflammatory and other plaque-stabilization effects.2-4 Although individuals without previous CVD are at lower absolute risk, at least half of all vascular events occur among them. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - February 20, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Karla Santo, Raul D. Santos, Alysson Nathan Girotto, Josue Nieri, Frederico Monfardini, Priscila Raupp, Pedro Marton Pereira, Otavio Berwanger, M. Julia Machline-Carrion Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Association of Lipoprotein (a) with Peri-coronary Inflammation in Persons with and without HIV Infection
Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) have an approximately 2-fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than those without HIV (PWoH)1-2. This increased CVD risk may be due to chronic systemic inflammation and immune activation in PWH3. Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), a subclass of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), is an independent atherosclerotic risk factor in PWoH4-5. While elevated Lp(a) levels may occur in PWH6, few studies have investigated the association of Lp(a) and subclinical atherosclerosis7-8, and no studies have evaluated its association with peri-coronary inflammation. (Source: Jo...
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - February 14, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Erin Zisman, Mian Hossain, Nicholas T. Funderburg, Robert Christenson, Jean Jeudy, Shana Burrowes, Allison G. Hays, Nivya George, Michael L. Freeman, Heather Rebuck, Sarah E. Mitchell, Michael Miller, Shashwatee Bagchi Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Lipoprotein(a) testing in Lipid Clinics across the UK: Results of a national survey
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis(1). (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - February 14, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Saleem Ansari BSc, R Dermot G Neely, Jules Payne, Jaimini Cegla Tags: Brief Communication Source Type: research
Use of Lipid Ratios to Predict Vascular Target Organ Damage in Youth
Elevated triglycerides (TG) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), known as combined dyslipidemia (CD)1-4, is increasing with the concomitant increase in rates of childhood obesity. The most recent NHANES data have shown that the prevalence of childhood obesity is up to 19% with an estimated 30-60% of obese youth having CD.2,5 This characteristic pattern of obesity and dyslipidemia has been associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) . (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - February 9, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sarah E. Henson, Elaine M. Urbina Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Lipid Association of India 2023 update on cardiovascular risk assessment and lipid management in Indian patients: Consensus statement IV
The epidemiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in India differs considerably from the same in Western countries. It is well recognized that Indians develop ASCVD about a decade earlier than the Western populations,1 despite having lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). It has been reported that more than 50% of coronary artery disease (CAD)-associated deaths in India occur before the age of 50 years and 25% of myocardial infarctions (MIs) occur before the age of 40 years. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - February 7, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Raman Puri, Manish Bansal, Vimal Mehta, P. Barton Duell, Nathan D Wong, SS Iyengar, Dinesh Kalra, Devaki R. Nair, Navin C Nanda, Jagat Narula, P Deedwania, Jamal Yusuf, Jamshed J Dalal, Sadanand Shetty, Vinod M Vijan, Rajeev Agarwala, Soumitra Kumar, Kris Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Association of Cardiometabolic and Vascular Atherosclerosis Phenotypes on Non-Contrast Chest CT with Incident Heart Failure in Patients with Severe Hypercholesterolemia
Patients with severe primary hypercholesterolemia, defined as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥190 mg/dL, represent a high-risk group amongst patients with hyperlipidemia.1 In the statin era, patients with severe hypercholesterolemia demonstrated up to 5-fold increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) during their lifetime. Moreover, depending on cumulative exposure to LDL-C2, they dev eloped CHD 10-20 years earlier.1 It has been suggested that diverse genetic backgrounds and lifetime exposure to additional risk factors beyond LDL-C may introduce heterogeneity in this group3 and that coronary artery calci...
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - February 7, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: Pamela Pi ña, Daniel Lorenzatti, Francesco Castagna, Jeremy Miles, Toshiki Kuno, Andrea Scotti, Javier Arce, Ari Feinberg, Dou Huang, Jake Gilman, Ephraim Leiderman, Jonathan Daich, Paul Ippolito, Carlos A. Gongora, Aldo L Schenone, Lili Zhang, Carlos J. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
High Density Lipoprotein Infusion Therapy: A Review
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD, coronary artery disease and stroke) remains a leading cause of death. Increased cholesterol-rich, low-density, non-calcified atheromas as assessed by computer coronary tomography angiography (CCTA) analyses (especially those with>4% plaque burden of low attenuation plaque) have been shown to predict incident myocardial infarction significantly better than coronary artery calcium score or the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease as evaluated with standard coronary angiography. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - February 7, 2024 Category: Lipidology Authors: H. Bryan Brewer, Ernst J. Schaefer, Borek Foldyna, Brian B. Ghoshhajra Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
