Bempedoic Acid and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Statin Intolerant Patients At High Cardiovascular Risk: CLEAR OUTCOME
Statins have been proven to lower cardiovascular events. However, some patients report adverse events from statins, most commonly muscle-related symptoms, and cannot take statins. Alternative therapies are needed to lower LDL-C in patients unable to meet guideline treatment goals. Bempedoic acid is an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor that targets cholesterol synthesis upstream of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme targeted by statins. It has been approved as a treatment for LDL-C lowering since 2020 based on studies that have shown LDL-C reduction of 15-25%. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - July 1, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Leslie Cho Tags: Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis Source Type: research
Plasma lipoprotein subclass variation in middle-aged and older adults: sex-stratified distributions and associations with health status and cardiometabolic risk factors.
Routine clinical assessment of plasma lipids comprises total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations, as markers for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk1,2. Remnant cholesterol, the cholesterol content of triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) and chylomicrons, is present in the circulation in the fasting state, with modest postprandial increases and wide inter-individual variability3. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - June 30, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Reika Masuda, Julien Wist, Samantha Lodge, Torben Kimhofer, Michael Hunter, Jennie Hui, John P. Beilby, John R. Burnett, Girish Dwivedi, Markus P. Schlaich, Sze-How Bong, Ruey Leng Loo, Elaine Holmes, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Bu B. Yeap Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Clinical Trials to Improve Outcomes in Patients with Elevated Lp(a) Undergoing PCI: The Time Has Arrived
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a highly prevalent, genetic, and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and aortic stenosis. The underlying mechanisms of increased risk include pro-inflammatory effects of its associated oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), pro-atherogenic effects of the LDL-like moiety and antifibrinolytic effects of the inactive protease-like domain on Kringle V of apolipoprotein(a).1 Although elevated Lp(a) is associated with increased risk of CVD in both primary and secondary prevention settings, an understudied area of Lp(a) biology is its role in outcomes following percutaneous coronary interven...
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - June 30, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sotirios Tsimikas, Harpreet S. Bhatia, David Erlinge Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Possible explanations for the common clinical familial hypercholesterolemia phenotypes in the Faroe Islands
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by highly elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), a family history of hypercholesterolemia and an increased risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)1. The main genetic causes of FH include loss-of-function mutations in the LDL receptor (LDLR) or apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene and gain-of-function mutations in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene1. However, in approximately 20-40% percent of subjects with definite FH according to clinical diagnostic criteria, no established causal monogenic mutation can b...
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - June 25, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Sanna á Borg, Albert Marni Joensen, Michael René Skjelbo Nielsen, Ása Wraae Olsen, Ihab Bishara Yousef Lolas, Henrik Okkels, Søren Lundbye-Christensen, Erik Berg Schmidt, Christian Sørensen Bork Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Lipoprotein(a) and Coronary Artery Calcium in Comparison with other Lipid Biomarkers: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle composed of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) linked by a disulfide bond to apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)).1 Elevated Lp(a) levels are associated with an increased risk for several cardiovascular diseases.2 Traditional risk scoring methods do not account for Lp(a),3 however, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is often used clinically to clarify risk in individuals with elevated Lp(a).4 (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - June 16, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Candace L. Jackson, Parveen K. Garg, Weihua Guan, Michael Y. Tsai, Michael H. Criqui, Sotirios Tsimikas, Harpreet S. Bhatia Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Incident CHD and ischemic stroke associated with lipoprotein(a) by levels of Factor VIII and inflammation
High lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).1-3 Lp(a) has pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic properties, both of which may contribute to an increased ASCVD risk.4-7 Prior studies suggest that high Lp(a) may be associated with an increased risk for ASCVD events in adults with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) ≥2 mg/L, a marker of inflammation, but not among those with hs-CRP (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - June 10, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Lisandro D. Colantonio, Sascha N. Goonewardena, Zhixin Wang, Elizabeth A. Jackson, Michael E. Farkouh, Mei Li, Waqas Malick, Shia T. Kent, J. Antonio G. L ópez, Paul Muntner, Vera Bittner, Robert S. Rosenson Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Obicetrapib plus ezetimibe as an adjunct to high-intensity statin therapy: A randomized phase 2 trial
Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that elevated levels of atherogenic lipoproteins are a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and their reduction is a cornerstone of ASCVD prevention.1-4 A log-linear relationship between absolute low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ASCVD risk is supported by genomic and cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials.1 A meta-analysis of 21 clinical trials of LDL-C –lowering drugs indicated that each 1-mmol/L LDL-C lowering was associated with a relative reduction in risk of major vascular events of 23% after 5 years, with increasing benefi...
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - June 3, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Christie M. Ballantyne, Marc Ditmarsch, John JP Kastelein, Adam J. Nelson, Douglas Kling, Andrew Hsieh, Danielle L. Curcio, Kevin C. Maki, Michael H. Davidson, Stephen J. Nicholls Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Discordantly high Apo B with LDL-C or Non-HDL-C in Relation to Presence and Burden of Cerebral Atherosclerotic Plaques
Atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease is a major public health issue and the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. 1 Elevated blood lipids, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C), were well-established risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. 2 Multiple studies had demonstrated that apolipoprotein B (Apo B), a major structural protein of most lipoproteins and a measure of the atherogenic lipoprotein particle numbers, was a better predictive value for atherosclerotic diseases than LDL-C or Non-HDL-C. (Sou...
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - June 2, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Chao Li, Yanli Zhang, Lerong Mei, Aoming Jin, Xueli Cai, Yuesong Pan, Jing Jing, Suying Wang, Xia Meng, Shan Li, Mengxing Wang, Tiemin Wei, Yongjun Wang, Rui Chen, Yu Tian Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Lipoprotein(a), metabolic profile and new-onset type-2 diabetes in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia: a 9 year follow-up study
Despite the efforts for the optimal management of the traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, the burden of CV disease, although diminishing, remains still high1. This could be attributed to the existence of the so-called residual atherosclerotic CV disease risk; with the identification of its parameters being of critical importance2. On this setting, during the last years mounting evidence has emerged regarding the role of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in the development of CV disease. Lp(a) formed by a low density lipoprotein (LDL) –like particle assembled with a plasminogen-like apolipoprotein(a) is a molecule with pro...
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - June 2, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ioannis Skoumas, Ioannis Andrikou, Kalliopi Grigoriou, Ioanna Dima, Emilia Lazarou, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Konstantinos Tsioufis Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Nutrition interventions for adults with dyslipidemia: A clinical perspective from the national lipid association
In 2014-2015, the National Lipid Association (NLA) published Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia Parts 1 and 2 to provide in-depth clinical guidance for the assessment and treatment of dyslipidemias in adults1,2. Since then, other scientific organizations have published guidelines and recommendations for the prevention and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)3-8. However, nutrition recommendations in those documents typically address ASCVD prevention, in general, rather than nutrition interventions for the management of specific dyslipidemias. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - June 2, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Carol F. Kirkpatrick, Geeta Sikand, Kristina S. Petersen, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Karen E. Aspry, Julie P. Bolick, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Kevin C. Maki Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Differences in treatment strategies for LDL-cholesterol reduction in a university lipid clinic vs. standard care apart from the use of PCSK9 inhibitors
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death worldwide 1. The main risk factors for developing CVD are hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, cigarette smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM) 2. The ESC guidelines have set distinct goals to prevent disease progression, following large clinical trials 3-5. The FOURIER study investigated the clinical benefit of LDL-C reduction in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and showed a 20% reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) through an 59% LDL-C reduction 6. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - May 24, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: David Pinsdorf, Daniel Messiha, Olga Petrikhovich, Mikail Bahar, Martin Steinmetz, Amir Abbas Mahabadi, Iryna Dykun, Julia Lortz, Tienush Rassaf, Christos Rammos Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Dietary Recommendations for Dysbetalipoproteinemia: A Need for Better Evidence
Dysbetalipoproteinemia (DBL, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia according to the Fredrickson-Levy-Lees classification (OMIM# 617347)) is a highly atherogenic multifactorial disorder of remnant lipoprotein metabolism. The disease susceptibility starts by the presence of a defective apolipoprotein E (apoE) that has a reduced affinity for hepatic lipoprotein receptors. ApoE2 homozygosity is the most frequent underlying genetic defect observed in DBL patients. However, the presence of lifestyle/metabolic secondary factors, mainly associated with triglycerides (TG)-rich lipoproteins overproduction, is required to induce an overt ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - May 24, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Martine Paquette, Chantal Blais, Andr éanne Fortin, Sophie Bernard, Alexis Baass Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Prevalence of LDL-hypercholesterolemia and other cardiovascular risk factors in young people with type 1 diabetes
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D)1,2. Early stages of CVD are rarely diagnosed in a timely fashion in this group. However, pathological changes and risk factors can be identified already in childhood3. The prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) is presumably high among youth with T1D regardless of their age4. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - May 21, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Irena Drozd, Jantje Weiskorn, Karin Lange, Torben Biester, Nicolin Datz, Kerstin Kapitzke, Felix Reschke, Thekla von dem Berge, J ürgen Weidemann, Thomas Paul Arthur Danne, Olga Kordonouri Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Chylomicronemia Syndromes
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a common lipid metabolism disorder in which fasting triglycerides (TG) are elevated. It is classified as mild-to-moderate when the concentrations are 2 to 10 mmol/L (175-885 mg/dL) and severe if it exceeds 10 mmol/L (885 mg/dL). The main cause of severe HTG is chylomicronemia syndrome (CS) which is defined as an accumulation of chylomicrons in the blood1,2. There are two causes of CS, familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) and multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS)3. (Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - May 20, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Ariane De Villers-Lacasse, Martine Paquette, Alexis Baass, Sophie Bernard Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
Fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters reflects dietary fat intake after dietary interventions in a multinational population
Dietary habits play a crucial role in the development of metabolic alterations, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer1. The differential influence of the various dietary factors on clinical events is still much debated and, in particular, the effects of the different dietary fatty acids (FA) remain controversial1-2. Several studies show that a high intake of saturated fat (SFA) is associated with adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk factors, and its replacement with mono/polyunsaturated fat helps to reduce LDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, and impaired insulin sensitivity, thus possibly contributing to prevention of cardio...
Source: Journal of Clinical Lipidology - May 20, 2023 Category: Lipidology Authors: Dominic Salamone, Giovanni Annuzzi, Bengt Vessby, Angela A. Rivellese, Lutgarda Bozzetto, Giuseppina Costabile, Kjeld Hermansen, Matti Uusitupa, Barbara J. Meyer, Gabriele Riccardi, KANWU Study Group Tags: Original Research Source Type: research
