Developing standards for MRI evaluation of joints in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis utilizing the temporomandibular joint as a model
AbstractThe treatment of a patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is best monitored with standardized and validated tools to measure joint changes over time. Treatment approaches are best indicated if the clinicians are aware of the structural status of the joint at a given time, especially in anatomically deep joints for which clinical assessment is limited. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of utmost importance for assessment of deep joints and extra-articular soft tissue of the entire body for which ultrasound may be suboptimal. Because the distinction between pathologic and physiologic joint changes on MRI ...
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 26, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Dynamic chest radiography for pulmonary vascular diseases: clinical applications and correlation with other imaging modalities
AbstractDynamic chest radiography (DCR) is a novel functional radiographic imaging technique that can be used to visualize pulmonary perfusion without using contrast media. Although it has many advantages and clinical utility, most radiologists are unfamiliar with this technique because of its novelty. This review aims to (1) explain the basic principles of lung perfusion assessment using DCR, (2) discuss the advantages of DCR over other imaging modalities, and (3) review multiple specific clinical applications of DCR for pulmonary vascular diseases and compare them with other imaging modalities. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 26, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Evaluation of the clinical behavior of unclassified renal cell carcinoma and its imaging findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging based on World Health Organization (WHO) 2022
ConclusionThe clinical behavior of unclassified RCC varies widely. Although imaging findings are also variable, findings of large, heterogeneous tumors with cystic degeneration and high intensity on DWI were common. Several imaging findings such as large size, invasive growth, progressive enhancement pattern and no pseudocapsule may enable prediction of prognosis in unclassified RCC. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 19, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Transvaginal approach combined intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy assisted by transrectal ultrasound: results from 30 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer
ConclusionOur patient series demonstrated that radiotherapy combined with transvaginal approach, TRUS-assisted IC/IS BT achieves favorable local control and safety for LACC. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 17, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Diagnostic potential of [18F]FDG PET/MRI in non-small cell lung cancer lymph node metastasis: a meta-analysis
ConclusionsWe considered [18F]FDG PET/MRI as an effective imaging tool with relatively high specificity and sensitivity. It has great potential to be used in the clinical management of patients in NSCLC who are amenable to early surgery. More studies with large sample sizes in the same direction are needed in future to obtain more reliable evidence-based support. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 11, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Utility of machine learning for identifying stapes fixation on ultra-high-resolution CT
ConclusionsCompared to the neuroradiologists, the LightGBM model achieved competitive diagnostic performance in identifying SF, and has the potential to be a supportive tool in clinical practice. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 10, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Fairness of artificial intelligence in healthcare: review and recommendations
AbstractIn this review, we address the issue of fairness in the clinical integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field. As the clinical adoption of deep learning algorithms, a subfield of AI, progresses, concerns have arisen regarding the impact of AI biases and discrimination on patient health. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of concerns associated with AI fairness; discuss strategies to mitigate AI biases; and emphasize the need for cooperation among physicians, AI researchers, AI developers, policymakers, and patients to ensure equitable AI integration. First, we define and introd...
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 4, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
FAIR: a recipe for ensuring fairness in healthcare artificial intelligence
(Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 4, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Clinical application of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography radiomics-based machine learning analyses in the field of oncology
AbstractMachine learning (ML) analyses using18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) radiomics features have been applied in the field of oncology. The current review aimed to summarize the current clinical articles about18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics-based ML analyses to solve issues in classifying or constructing prediction models for several types of tumors. In these studies, lung and mediastinal tumors were the most commonly evaluated lesions, followed by lymphatic, abdominal, head and neck, breast, gynecological, and other types of tumors. Previous studies have commonly sh...
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 1, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Deep learning-based detection of patients with bone metastasis from Japanese radiology reports
ConclusionThe proposed DL-based NLP model may help in the early and efficient detection of patients with BM. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Bile duct penetrating duodenal wall sign: a novel computed tomography finding of common bile duct stone impaction into duodenal major papilla
ConclusionThe BPDS was a unique CT imaging finding to identify common bile duct stone impaction regardless of stone attenuation with high accuracy. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Evaluation of radiation dose reduction in head CT using the half-dose method
ConclusionThe HDM yielded diagnostically acceptable images. In addition, a change in protocol for only two diseases successfully reduced the patients ’ overall radiation exposure by approximately 15%. Introducing and optimizing the HDM for frequently performed target diseases will be useful in reducing the exposure dose for the hospital’s patient population. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Follow-up Tc-99 m pyrophosphate cardiac scan for patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis treated with tafamidis
ConclusionA decrease in H/CL ratio was found after tafamidis therapy in patients with ATTR-CA, albeit the magnitude of changes in the H/CL ratio ( ΔH/CL ratio) was not significantly different from that of patients without tafamidis therapy. Future study with larger population might be required to further clarify the effect of tafamidis therapy on myocardial uptake of Tc-99 m PYP.Clinical trial registrationNo clinical trial was conducted in our retrospective study. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Imaging of pituitary tumors: an update with the 5th WHO Classifications —part 1. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)/pituitary adenoma
AbstractThe pituitary gland is the body ’s master gland of the endocrine glands. Although it is a small organ, many types of tumors can develop within it. The recently revised fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications (2021 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors and 2022 Worl d Health Organization Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors) revealed significant changes to the classification of pituitary adenomas, the most common type of pituitary gland tumor. This change categorized pituitary adenomas as neuroendocrine tumors and proposed the name t...
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Deep learning reconstruction with single-energy metal artifact reduction in pelvic computed tomography for patients with metal hip prostheses
ConclusionDLR-S provided better pelvic CT images in patients with metal hip prostheses than IR-S and DLR. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
