Diagnostic potential of [18F]FDG PET/MRI in non-small cell lung cancer lymph node metastasis: a meta-analysis
ConclusionsWe considered [18F]FDG PET/MRI as an effective imaging tool with relatively high specificity and sensitivity. It has great potential to be used in the clinical management of patients in NSCLC who are amenable to early surgery. More studies with large sample sizes in the same direction are needed in future to obtain more reliable evidence-based support. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 11, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Utility of machine learning for identifying stapes fixation on ultra-high-resolution CT
ConclusionsCompared to the neuroradiologists, the LightGBM model achieved competitive diagnostic performance in identifying SF, and has the potential to be a supportive tool in clinical practice. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 10, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Fairness of artificial intelligence in healthcare: review and recommendations
AbstractIn this review, we address the issue of fairness in the clinical integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field. As the clinical adoption of deep learning algorithms, a subfield of AI, progresses, concerns have arisen regarding the impact of AI biases and discrimination on patient health. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of concerns associated with AI fairness; discuss strategies to mitigate AI biases; and emphasize the need for cooperation among physicians, AI researchers, AI developers, policymakers, and patients to ensure equitable AI integration. First, we define and introd...
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 4, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

FAIR: a recipe for ensuring fairness in healthcare artificial intelligence
(Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 4, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Clinical application of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography radiomics-based machine learning analyses in the field of oncology
AbstractMachine learning (ML) analyses using18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) radiomics features have been applied in the field of oncology. The current review aimed to summarize the current clinical articles about18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics-based ML analyses to solve issues in classifying or constructing prediction models for several types of tumors. In these studies, lung and mediastinal tumors were the most commonly evaluated lesions, followed by lymphatic, abdominal, head and neck, breast, gynecological, and other types of tumors. Previous studies have commonly sh...
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - August 1, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Deep learning-based detection of patients with bone metastasis from Japanese radiology reports
ConclusionThe proposed DL-based NLP model may help in the early and efficient detection of patients with BM. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Bile duct penetrating duodenal wall sign: a novel computed tomography finding of common bile duct stone impaction into duodenal major papilla
ConclusionThe BPDS was a unique CT imaging finding to identify common bile duct stone impaction regardless of stone attenuation with high accuracy. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Evaluation of radiation dose reduction in head CT using the half-dose method
ConclusionThe HDM yielded diagnostically acceptable images. In addition, a change in protocol for only two diseases successfully reduced the patients ’ overall radiation exposure by approximately 15%. Introducing and optimizing the HDM for frequently performed target diseases will be useful in reducing the exposure dose for the hospital’s patient population. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Follow-up Tc-99  m pyrophosphate cardiac scan for patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis treated with tafamidis
ConclusionA decrease in H/CL ratio was found after tafamidis therapy in patients with ATTR-CA, albeit the magnitude of changes in the H/CL ratio ( ΔH/CL ratio) was not significantly different from that of patients without tafamidis therapy. Future study with larger population might be required to further clarify the effect of tafamidis therapy on myocardial uptake of Tc-99 m PYP.Clinical trial registrationNo clinical trial was conducted in our retrospective study. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Imaging of pituitary tumors: an update with the 5th WHO Classifications —part 1. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)/pituitary adenoma
AbstractThe pituitary gland is the body ’s master gland of the endocrine glands. Although it is a small organ, many types of tumors can develop within it. The recently revised fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications (2021 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors and 2022 Worl d Health Organization Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors) revealed significant changes to the classification of pituitary adenomas, the most common type of pituitary gland tumor. This change categorized pituitary adenomas as neuroendocrine tumors and proposed the name t...
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Deep learning reconstruction with single-energy metal artifact reduction in pelvic computed tomography for patients with metal hip prostheses
ConclusionDLR-S provided better pelvic CT images in patients with metal hip prostheses than IR-S and DLR. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Imaging of pituitary tumors: an update with the 5th WHO Classifications —part 2. Neoplasms other than PitNET and tumor-mimicking lesions
AbstractMany types of tumors can develop in the pituitary gland. In the recently revised 5th editions of the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications (2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors and the 2022 WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors), various changes have been made to the tumors other than pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)/pituitary adenoma, as well as PitNET. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma are now considered separate tumors in the 5th edition of the WHO classification. Tumors positive for thyroid transcription factor 1, a marker...
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Four-dimensional quantitative analysis using FDG-PET in clinical oncology
AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been commonly used in many oncological areas. High-resolution PET permits a three-dimensional analysis of FDG distributions on various lesions in vivo, which can be applied for tissue characterization, risk analysis, and treatment monitoring after chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy. Metabolic changes can be assessed using the tumor absolute FDG uptake as standardized uptake value (SUV) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV). In addition, tumor heterogeneity assessment can potentially estimate tumor aggressiveness and resistance to chemoradiotherap...
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Utility of flow diverters in treatment of acutely ruptured uncoilable aneurysms of the posterior circulation of the brain
ConclusionThe procedure-related morbidity and mortality is not negligible. However, the risks and efficacy associated with FDs are acceptable, especially when adjunctive coiling is possible, given the lack of treatment alternatives. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Left atrial strain assessment using cardiac computed tomography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
ConclusionCT-derived LA strain is feasible for quantitative assessment of left atrial function in patients with HCM. (Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - July 27, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research