Hamartomatous Tumors in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Background: Digestive hamartomatous polyps are a rare entity. They may be sporadic (solitary Peutz-Jeghers polyp or solitary juvenile polyp) or reveal genetic predisposition like Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis or Cowden disease. Summary: Diagnosis is based on personal and family history and on clinical data including physical signs (in particular dermatological), endoscopic findings (the number of polyps) and histological features of the polyps. The risk of complications and of digestive and extra-digestive cancers may be high, especially in case of genetic predisposition syndromes, and requires multidisciplina...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - August 7, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Rare Neoplasia of the Stomach
Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma accounts for more than 90% of malignant lesions of the stomach. Besides this entity, numerous neoplastic lesions with malignant or benign characteristics as well as lesions with uncertain malignant potential occur. This review gives an overview on rare neoplasia of the stomach, focusing on gastric polyps, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, gastric lymphoma and neuroendocrine neoplasia. Summary: A broad spectrum of rare neoplastic lesions of the stomach with significant differences in malignant potential and with specific demands of interventional therapy is known. In addition to the use of ...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - August 7, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
The Emerging Genetic Basis and Its Clinical Implication in Pancreatic Cancer
Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most devastating diseases without early detection, effective screening biomarkers and therapeutic treatments. In the past decades, genetic studies have indicated various genes related to this malignancy. Summary: Genetic alterations have been involved in the initiation, progression and invasion of pancreatic cancer, which might indicate promising targets for early screening, diagnosis and future intervention. Here we will review genetic changes in pancreatic cancer and analyze their correlations with several common precursors and familial syndromes. Key Message: Genetic analysis ...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - July 22, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Hereditary Colorectal Cancer in China: Current Status and Progress
Background: Hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for about 5% of the total incidence of CRC. During the last decades, there have been great advances in the research of hereditary CRC in China. Summary: This review mainly focuses on advances of the genetic basis, clinicopathological features, diagnosis, chemoprevention and treatment of hereditary CRC in China. Key Message: Hereditary CRC has a higher risk to initiate the progression towards neoplasia than sporadic CRC. It can be diagnosed by clinical manifestation or the relevant genetic testing so as to guide the clinical treatment to improve the survival rate and s...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - July 17, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Genetic Variations in Esophageal Cancer
Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, and occurs at a relatively high frequency in China and other Asian countries. The etiology of esophageal cancer remains unclear, making its early diagnosis and treatment difficult. Summary: In recent decades, efforts using candidate gene approaches have been made to identify genetic susceptibility factors for esophageal cancer in a series of genome-wide association studies. Here, we review the latest progress in research on genetic variations in esophageal cancer cases. Key Message: Genetic variations partially account for esophageal cancer incid...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - July 5, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Metastatic Disease in the Stomach
Background: Gastric metastases are rare and represent a late and progressed stage of malignant disease. This review highlights epidemiological, clinical and endoscopic findings as well as therapeutic strategies for metastatic disease of the stomach. Summary: The clinical presentation of gastric metastases is highly unspecific. The endoscopic appearance of gastric metastases is heterogeneous, but the most prevalent findings are solitary and submucosal lesions in the gastric wall. The most prevalent primary tumor spreading to the stomach is breast cancer, followed by renal cell cancer and many others. In general, gastric met...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - June 15, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Pancreatic Metastases from Tumors in the Urogenital Tract
Background: Isolated pancreatic metastases or pancreatic metastases with limited extrapancreatic disease are uncommon and account for only 2-4% of resected malignant pancreatic lesions in surgical series. However, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma is the predominant primary tumor and accounts for more than 60% of cases with isolated pancreatic metastases. Pancreatectomy is the treatment of choice for most patients with isolated pancreatic metastases from renal cell cancer. Summary: This review provides an overview of clinical presentation and diagnosis as well as surgical management, including patient selection for surgery a...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - June 7, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Genetic Variations and Gastric Cancer
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) has an apparent hereditary component. However, in a large fraction of gastric cases, no known genetic syndrome or family history can be identified, suggesting the presence of ‘missing heritability' in GC etiology. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and traditional candidate gene studies have both led to the identification of multiple replicable common genetic variants associated with GC risk. Summary: We summarize the genetic variants associated with GC risk identified up to date. Achievements derived from translational cancer research including the following aspects: (a) contribution ...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - June 6, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Unusual Clinical Presentation of Gastrointestinal Clear Cell Sarcoma
This report demonstrates an unusual presentation of sarcoma, which was initially diagnosed as a tumor of unknown primary site. Given the presence of vimentin, Fli-1, CD99 and S100 markers, lack of immunostaining for melan A, HMB45, MITF, synaptophysin, CD56, myf4, CKAE1/3 and WT-1, as well as the presence of EWSR1 translocation determined by a break-apart FISH assay, Ewing's sarcoma (ES) diagnosis seemed to be well justified. However, polymerase chain reaction testing for ES-specific rearrangements (EWSR1/FLI1, EWSR1/ERG, EWSR1/ETV1, EWSR1/ETV4, EWS/FEV) failed to confirm the ES origin of the neoplastic tissue. We further ...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - May 30, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
A Call to Action: Intensify the Investigation of Relatively Rare Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Gastrointest Tumors (Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors)
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - May 27, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Contents Vol. 1, 2014
Gastrointest Tumors 2014;1:I-IV (Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors)
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - May 6, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Pathogenic Microorganisms and Pancreatic Cancer
Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. No effective screening methods exist, and available treatment modalities do not effectively treat the disease. Established risk factors for pancreatic cancer, including smoking, chronic pancreatitis, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, collectively account for less than half of all pancreatic cancer cases. Accumulating reports have demonstrated that there is an association between pathogenic microorganisms and pancreatic cancer. Summary: A substantial amount of preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that microbiota are likely to influence panc...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - April 21, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Gut Microbiota and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common complication of liver diseases such as those related to viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The gut-liver axis is gaining increasing attention as a key pathophysiological mechanism responsible for the progression of HCC. Here, we will review the data from the published literature to address the association between HCC and gut microbiota. Summary: The presence of high levels of endotoxemia in the blood results in portal hypertension and ensuing hepatocyte damage, thus leading to the development of HCC. Probiotics can be used to treat or prevent the progression of HCC, ...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - April 21, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide whose incidence has increased rapidly in recent years. There is growing evidence that the complex gut microbiota community plays an important role in the development of intestinal tumorigenesis. Summary: This review aimed to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and CRC as well as to identify the pathogens and their metabolites that affect CRC and the potential models of gut microbiota action. It promotes our understanding of the correlation between gut microbiota and CRC. Key Message: Our knowledge of the risk factors ass...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - April 21, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Effect of Helicobacter pylori Infection on the Composition of Gastric Microbiota in the Development of Gastric Cancer
This article summarized a clue of the current studies on microbiota, H. pylori infection and the progression from gastric disease to cancer.Gastrointest Tumors 2015;2:14-25 (Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors)
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - April 21, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
