Recent Updates in the Endoscopic Diagnosis of Barrett's Oesophagus
Background: Barrett's oesophagus (BO) is a premalignant condition associated with the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Despite the low risk of progression per annum, OAC is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with an estimated 5-year survival of 10%. Furthermore, the incidence of OAC continues to rise globally. Therefore, it is imperative to detect the premalignant phase of BO and follow up such patients accordingly. Summary: The mainstay diagnosis of BO is endoscopy and biopsy sampling. However, limitations with white light endoscopy (WLE) and undertaking biopsies have shifted the current ...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - April 14, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Nutrition in Patients with Gastric Cancer: An Update
Background: Nutritional management of patients with gastric cancer (GC) represents a challenge. Summary: This review provides an overview of the present evidence on nutritional support in patients with GC undergoing surgery as well as in those with advanced disease. Key Message: For patients undergoing surgery, the preoperative nutritional condition directly affects postoperative prognosis, overall survival and disease-specific survival. Perioperative nutritional support enriched with immune-stimulating nutrients reduces overall complications and hospital stay but not mortality after major elective gastrointestinal surgery...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - April 12, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Risk Factors for Barrett's Oesophagus
Background: Barrett's oesophagus (BO) is a premalignant condition associated with the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Globally, the incidence of OAC is rising. Furthermore, the prognosis regarding the morbidity and mortality of OAC is bleak, with an estimated 5-year survival of 10-15%. Hence, detection of the premalignant phase is paramount. Endoscopy and biopsy sampling is the mainstay of diagnosis. Patients may present with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) or be completely asymptomatic. Therefore, symptomatology alone is a poor indicator of this condition. Summary: This review highlig...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - April 7, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Evaluation of iNOS Expression in Esophageal Cancer Patients
Conclusion: Further studies need to be conducted with larger sample sizes and in other populations to validate these findings.Gastrointest Tumors (Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors)
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - March 17, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Etiology and Prevention of Gastric Cancer
Background: Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous malignant disease associated with environmental and genetic predisposing factors. While gastric cancer incidence and mortality fell greatly globally over the past decades, it remains the fourth cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Thus, prevention of gastric cancer is still a major strategy for improvement of gastric cancer prognosis. Summary:Helicobacter pylori infection has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Unhealthy diet and lifestyle, including high-salt food, smoking and drinking, are able to induce genotypic and phenoty...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - February 11, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Etiology and Prevention of Esophageal Cancer
Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) occurs commonly, especially in Asia, and is the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Recently, great progress has been made in research on the etiology and prevention of EC. Summary: The major risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, which act synergistically. Dietary parameters, including dietary carcinogens and insufficiency of micronutrients, could also be important risk factors in certain areas. A common etiological factor for both EC and some other cancers are low levels of intake of fruits and vegetables. With im...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - February 3, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Nutrition and Cancer
Gastrointest Tumors (Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors)
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - January 22, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Nutrition in Pancreatic Cancer: A Review
Background: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both genders. More than 80% of patients suffer from significant weight loss at diagnosis and over time develop severe cachexia. Early nutritional support is therefore essential. Summary: This review evaluates the different nutritional therapies, such as enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition and special nutritional supplements, on nutritional status, quality of life and survival. Key Message: Due to the high prevalence of malnutrition and the rapid development of anorexia-cachexia-syndrome, early nutritional intervention is crucial an...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - January 12, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Feeding Challenges in Patients with Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Cancers
Background: Patients undergoing treatment for esophagogastric or esophageal cancer are exposed to a considerably high risk of malnutrition due to early obstruction of the gastrointestinal passage. Presently most of the patients undergo modern multimodal therapies which require chemoradiation or chemotherapy ahead of surgery. Therefore reconstruction of the obstructed gastrointestinal passage is considerably delayed. Surgery as the only curative option after neoadjuvant treatment is the mainstay of therapy in this setting. However, many patients are at risk for the development of postoperative complications associated with ...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - January 12, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk and Interactions with Microbiota: Fiber, Red or Processed Meat and Alcoholic Drinks
Background: Diets and lifestyles have been strongly associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). In the past several decades, emerging evidence has suggested that the gut microbiota may have a role in the development of CRC. Its interaction with diets and lifestyles could affect the carcinogenesis of CRC. Summary: This review presents the most recent epidemiologic and experimental evidence of three factors that may convincingly have a role in CRC, including fiber, red or processed meat, and alcohol, focusing on potential mechanisms and their interactions with the gut microbiota. Key Message: High consumption of fiber, low cons...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - December 18, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
p21 Gene Expression Evaluation in Esophageal Cancer Patients
Background: Cancer is the third most common cause of death in Iran, and 30,000 Iranians lose their lives each year due to cancer. Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. It is reported that more than 80% of all deaths from esophageal cancer occur in developing countries. The p21 protein is encoded by WAF1/CIP1, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 2.6 p21. This protein is known to be related to the cell cycle; p21 stimulation is a common mechanism of growth inhibition in different physiological conditions. Summary: The results indicated no sign...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - December 3, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
SIRT1 Is Reduced in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Acts as a Potential Tumor Suppressor in Gastric Cancer
In this study, SIRT1 expression was examined in gastric adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis and xenograft assays were performed to elucidate the roles of SIRT1 in gastric cancer. We found that SIRT1 expression was reduced in gastric adenocarcinoma at both the protein and mRNA levels. Tissue microarray analysis revealed a positive correlation between SIRT1 and p53 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Inhibition of SIRT1 by EX-527 or by shRNA-mediated silencing increased cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. SIRT1 inhi...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - November 24, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Nutrition and Hepatocellular Cancer
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) significantly contributes to the global burden of cancer. Liver cancer is the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death with HCC representing more than 90% of primary liver cancers. The majority of patients are not only affected by the malignant disease but do also suffer from chronic liver disease. Therefore, several factors impact on the prognosis of patients with HCC, including tumor-related factors, liver function and patient-related factors such as performance status and other comorbidities. The nutritional status is of high significance for the patients' performance ...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - November 17, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Editorial
Gastrointest Tumors (Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors)
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - October 28, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Nutrients Impact the Pathogenesis and Development of Colorectal Cancer
Background: Colorectal cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer and the cause of many cancer deaths worldwide. Nutrients might be crucial in the pathogenesis and development of colorectal cancer. Although a number of studies have demonstrated the potential effects of nutrients, many challenges still remain. Summary: A tremendous amount of research has emerged concerning the roles of nutrients in colorectal cancer during the past decades. Here, we review the latest research progress on nutrients, including vitamins, folic acid, calcium, selenium and dietary fiber, involved in colorectal cancer prevention. Key Message: Nutrient...
Source: Gastrointestinal Tumors - October 9, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
