Assessment of Viral Contamination of Five Brazilian Artisanal Cheese Produced from Raw Milk: a Randomized Survey
This study is a first step in assessing the risk that this contamination may pose to the consumer of raw products as well as emphasizing the need for good manufacturing practices, quality control systems in the dairy industry and markets. As a randomized survey, we established baseline figures for viruses ’ prevalence in five types of ready-to-eat raw milk artisanal Brazilian cheese, to allow any monitoring trends, setting control targets and future local risk analyses studies. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - July 27, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Murine Norovirus Interaction with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm in a Dynamic Bioreactor
AbstractBiofilms can constitute permanent threats to food safety and public health. Bacteria and viruses lodged in biofilm can escape cleaning and sanitizing agents. The aim of this study was to comparePseudomonas aeruginosa developing and mature biofilms produced on agri-food surfaces in terms of interaction with murine norovirus. Whether they were mature or still developing the biofilms apparently accumulated murine norovirus in large numbers after 24 h of contact with medium which viral titer was 2.6 × 104 pfu ml−1 ( ≈ 8 log10 genome copies ml−1). This appeared unrelated to surfaces ’ nature and bacterial...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - July 27, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
RT-LAMP: A Cheaper, Simpler and Faster Alternative for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater
We present in this paper two optimized RT-LAMP protocols based on colour change and fluorescence detection and application of these protocols for wastewater monitoring from four wastewater treatment plants over 4 weeks. The optimized RT-LAMP protocols have a limit of detection of 10 copies/25 µl reaction with positive amplification within 35 minutes. Over the 4 weeks of monitoring, the colorimetric protocol detected a prevalence of 12.5%, when 1 µl of extracted RNA with 92.7(± 28.2) n g/µl concentration was analysed. When the RNA template was increased by fivefold, the prevalence increased to 44%. The fluorescen...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - July 26, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Methods Evaluation for Rapid Concentration and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in Raw Wastewater Using Droplet Digital and Quantitative RT-PCR
AbstractWastewater surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging public health tool to understand the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in communities. The performance of different virus concentration methods and PCR methods needs to be evaluated to ascertain their suitability for use in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. We evaluated ultrafiltration and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation methods to concentrate SARS-CoV-2 from sewage in wastewater treatment plants and upstream in the wastewater network (e.g., manholes, lift stations). Recovery of viruse...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - July 22, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 in Human Sewage and River Water from a Remote and Vulnerable Area as a Surveillance Tool in Brazil
AbstractIn the present study, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was monitored in environmental samples from rural and vulnerable areas (a presidio, worker accommodation units, and river waters upstream and downstream of a rural community) from Minas Gerais State region, Southern Brazil, in August 2020. The sampling was performed prior to official declaration of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in those sites. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the presidio and workers accommodation units (3.0 × 104 virus genome copies (GC)/mL and 4.3 × 104 GC/mL of sewage, respectively). While...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - July 8, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Optimizing Human Intestinal Enteroids for Environmental Monitoring of Human Norovirus
AbstractHuman noroviruses (HuNoV) are the leading cause of gastrointestinal illness and environmental monitoring is crucial to prevent HuNoV outbreaks. The recent development of a HuNoV cell culture assay in human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) has enabled detection of infectious HuNoV. However, this complex approach requires adaptation of HIEs to facilitate HuNoV replication from environmental matrixes. Integrating data from 200 experiments, we examined six variables: HIE age, HIE basement membrane compounds (BMC), HuNoV inoculum processing, HuNoV inoculum volume, treatment of data below limit of detection (LOD), and cutoff ...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 30, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Virological Characterization of Roof-Harvested Rainwater of Densely Urbanized Low-Income Region
In this study, we investigated the occurrence of enteric viruses in the first flush (10 mm) of RHRW from a densely populated and low-income urbanized region of Rio de Janeiro. One hundred samples (5 L) were collected from 10 rainfall events between April 2015 and March 2017. RNA and DNA viruses were concentrated using the skimmed milk flocculation method and analyzed using the TaqMan ® quantitative RT-qPCR and qPCR. Human adenoviruses, noroviruses, rotaviruses A, and avian parvoviruses were detected in 54%, 31%, 12%, and 12% of the positive samples. JC polyomavirus, also targeted, was not detected. Virus concentrations ...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 29, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Ozonated Glycerol
AbstractWe evaluated the SARS-CoV-2-inactivation activity of ozonated glycerol (OG). When a viral solution with 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) was mixed with test solutions at a ratio of 1:19 and incubated for 20 s, OG with ozone concentrations of over 1000 ppm inactivated ≥ 94.38% of the virus. Extension of the reaction time to 1 h led to the inactivation of ≥ 99.82% of the virus (the viral titer was below the detection limit). Extension to 24 h resulted in concentrations over 200 ppm OG i nactivating ≥ 99.87% of the virus (the viral titers were below the detection limit). Next, viral solutions with 1...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 26, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Prevalence of GII.4 Sydney Norovirus Strains and Associated Factors of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children: 2019/2020 Season in Guangzhou, China
This study determined the prevalence and clinical characteristics of norovirus strains in AGE in Guangzhou, China in 2019/2020 season. This study included children aged 2 –60 months diagnosed with AGE in Guangzhou Women and Children Hospital, from August 2019 to January 2020. Norovirus was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and clinical data were obtained. Genotyping and phylogenetic analyses were performed with partial gene sequence fragments located within the open reading frames 1 and 2. During the study period, 168 children (61.3% males) were confirmed as norovirus infectious AGE. The main symptoms were...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 21, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Viral Disinfection. A Systematic Review
AbstractWater and wastewater virological quality is a significant public health issue. Viral agents include emerging and re-emerging pathogens characterized by extremely small size, and high environmental stability. Since the mainly used conventional disinfection methods are usually not able to achieve complete disinfection of viral and other microbial targets, in real water and wastewater matrices, effective strategies for the treatment, use and reuse of water and the development of next-generation water supply systems are required. The scope of the present systematic review was to summarize research data on the applicati...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 14, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Bacteriophage Therapy for Critical and High-Priority Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Phage Cocktail-Antibiotic Formulation Perspective
AbstractPhage therapy is revolving to address the issues mainly dealing with antibiotic resistance in the pathogenic bacteria. Among the drug-resistant microbial populations, the bacterial species have been categorized as high-priority or critical-priority bacteria. This review summarizes the efficiency and development in phage therapy used against these drug-resistant bacteria in the past few years mainly belonging to the critical- and high-priority list. Phage therapy is more than just an alternative to antibiotics as it not only kills the target microbial population directly but also leads to the chemical and physical m...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 12, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Detection of Hepatitis A Virus in Strawberries Implicated in an Outbreak in the USA in 1997
AbstractHepatitis A virus (HAV) was detected in frozen strawberries which had been implicated in a large outbreak of hepatitis A in 1997. The sample was analysed after over 20 years of storage, following a standard method not available at the time of the outbreak. This is the first study in which the HAV associated with the 1997 outbreak of foodborne hepatitis has finally been detected. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 9, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Human Coronavirus NL63 Among Other Respiratory Viruses in Clinical Specimens of Egyptian Children and Raw Sewage Samples
The objective of this study was to investigate human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) prevalence among the other respiratory viruses such as parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and non-enteric adenoviruses in clinical specimens of Egyptian children and raw sewage samples. One hundred clinical specimens were collected from Egyptian children suffering from upper and lower respiratory viral infections in the years 2005 –2006 to detect HCoV-NL63 genome using RT-PCR. All the specimens were negative for the virus. Also, a complete absence of HCoV-NL63 genome was observed in the twenty-four raw sewage samples collected from...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 4, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Comparison of Skimmed Milk and Lanthanum Flocculation for Concentration of Pathogenic Viruses in Water
In this study, we implemented a previously described fast and simple lanthanum-based protocol for concentration of norovirus genogroup I (GI), genogroup II (GII) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in drinking and surface water. We compared the results with those of a widely used skimmed milk flocculation method, followed by nucleic acid extraction and RT-qPCR detection. Three seeding levels, with intended concentrations 5 × 103, 5 × 104 and 5 × 105 genome copies/10 L, were added to drinking water or surface water. All seed levels were detected with both flocculation methods. Samples extracted with skimmed milk f...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - May 11, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Correction to: Environmental Integrants Affecting the Spreadability of SARS ‑CoV‑2
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-021-09478-w (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - May 6, 2021 Category: Virology Source Type: research
