Molecular Characterization of Gastroenteric Viruses in Wastewater from Cities in Uruguay
AbstractGroup A Rotavirus, Human Astrovirus, and Norovirus (RVA, HAstV, and NoV) are recognized as the major causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of RVA, HAstV, and NoV in wastewater from three cities in Uruguay. Thirty-six samples from Bella Uni ón, Salto, and Fray Bentos cities were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative PCR. RVA was the most frequently detected virus (50%), followed by HAstV (39%), NoV GII (36%), and NoV GI (25%). RVA strains were characterized as P[8] and G3 based on the VP4 and...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - October 24, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Wastewater-based Epidemiology and SARS-CoV-2: Variant Trends in the Apulia Region (Southern Italy) and Effect of Some Environmental Parameters
In this study, the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in raw wastewater against COVID-19 cases was evaluated together with the effect of temperature and precipitation on virus spread. We validated a predictive model, proposed by De Giglio et al.,2021, to establish the number of COVID-19 cases/100,000 inhabitants. A receiver operating characteristic curve model was applied to predict the number of COVID-19 cases and Poisson regression was applied to study the effect of temperature and rainfall on viral load. In Apulia, from October 2021 to December 2022, we analyzed 1041 samples, of which 985 (94.6%) tested positi...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - September 21, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
First Seroepidemiological Investigation of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Backyard Pigs from Northeastern India: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors
This study demonstrates that HEV is widespread among pigs reared in northeastern India. The risk factor analysis conducted in this study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of HEV in the region. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - September 8, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Co-circulation of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Genotype 3 and Moose-HEV-Like Strains in Free-Ranging-Spotted Deer (Axis axis) in Uruguay
AbstractHepatitis E caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an emerging foodborne zoonosis in industrialized, non-endemic countries. Domestic pigs and wild boars are considered the main reservoir of HEV. However, HEV can also infect an ever-expanding host range of animals, but they exact role in transmitting the virus to other species or humans is mostly unknown. In this work, we investigated the spread of HEV in free-living and captive spotted deer (Axis axis) from Uruguay in a 2-year period (2020 –2022) and examined the role of this invasive species as a new potential reservoir of the virus. In addition, with t...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - August 29, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
First Detection and Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus in Sewage Samples in Cameroon
This study aimed to assess the presence of HEV in the environment in Cameroon through molecular analysis of sewage samples. Retrospectively, a total of 157 sewage samples collected between January 2018 and December 2019 were randomly selected and analyzed by molecular techniques to detect and characterize the HEV followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Three samples (1.9%) collected from North, Far North, and Adamawa regions were positive by real-time reverse transcription polymerization chain reaction. Among these, 2 samples were positive for HEV ribonucleic acid by nested reverse transcription polymerization ch...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - August 9, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Detection of Hepatitis A RNA, Hepatitis E RNA, Human Adenovirus F DNA, and Norovirus RNA in Fresh and Frozen Berry Products at Point of Retail in Ireland
This study suggests a risk that exists across all retail outlets however only low levels of nucleic acid ranging from 0 to 16 genome copies/g we re present. Although these findings may reflect non-viable/non-infectious virus the continued provision of risk mitigation advice to consumers is warranted and further work is required to ensure control measures to reduce contamination are implemented and enforced. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - August 1, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Hepatitis E Virus in the Iberian Peninsula: A Systematic Review
AbstractOne of the most frequent causes of acute viral hepatitis is hepatitis E virus (HEV) causing 20 million infections worldwide each year and 44,000 deaths. Studies on HEV in the Iberian Peninsula have been increasing through time with HEV infection being identified in humans and animals. The aim of the present systematic review was to compile and evaluate all the published data on HEV from studies performed in humans, animals and environmental samples in the Iberian Peninsula. The electronic databases Mendeley, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched, and research published up until February 01, 20...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - July 11, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in Water by Chlorination
In this study, the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Isolate hCoV-19/USA-WA1/2020 was observed in water by chlorination. All experiments were conducted within a BSL-3 laboratory at room temperature. Our results show that the virus was reduced by 3.5 log (> 99.9%) after 30 s of 2.05-mg/L free chlorine contact and greater than 4.17 log (limit of detection) (> 99.99%) within 2 min. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - July 8, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Genome Characterization of the Novel Lytic Enterobacter cloacae Phage vB_EclM_Q7622
In this study, a virulent phage vB_EclM_Q7622 (Q7622) was isolated from the sewage of Jiangcun poultry market in Guangzhou city. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that Q7622 had an icosahedral head (97.8 ± 5.6 nm in diameter) and a short, contractile tail (113.7 ± 4.5 nm). Its double-stranded DNA genome is composed of 173,871 bp with a GC content of 40.02%. It possesses 297 open reading frames and 9 tRNAs. No known virulence and resistance genes were detected, indicated that phage Q762 2 could be used for pathogens prevention and control safely. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis showed th...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 12, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Heat-Denatured Lysozyme is a Novel Potential Non-alcoholic Disinfectant Against Respiratory Virus
AbstractRespiratory diseases are significant recurrent threats to global public health. Since the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, seasonal influenza viruses continue to cause epidemics around the world each year. More recently, the COVID-19 global pandemic conducted a public health crisis with more than 6 million deaths and it also severely affected the global economy. Due to the phenomenon that people get infection from objects carrying viruses, it has aroused people's attention to home disinfection. As there is no ideal existing common domestic disinfectant, new and safer antiviral disinfectants are urgently needed. Lysozyme ...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - May 8, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Detection of Enteroviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in Tunisian Wastewater
AbstractMonitoring the circulation of enteric viruses in environmental wastewater is a valuable tool for preventing the emergence of waterborne and food-borne diseases in humans. The detection of viruses was performed in five Tunisian wastewater treatment plants, three located in the Grand Tunis City (WWTP 1, WWTP 2, WWTP 3) and two in the Sahel of Tunisia (WWTP 4, WWTP 4), known as very developed and crowded zones, to assess the effectiveness of three biological wastewater treatment procedures namely natural oxidizing lagoons, rotating biodisks procedure, activated sludge procedure, and one ter tiary sewage treatmen...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - May 4, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Wastewater-Based Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2: Assessing Prevalence and Correlation with Clinical Cases
AbstractWastewater-based epidemiology has been recognized as a tool to monitor the progress of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. The study presented herein aimed at quantitating the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the wastewaters, predicting the number of infected individuals in the catchment areas, and correlating it with the clinically reported COVID-19 cases. Wastewater samples (n = 162) from different treatment stages were collected from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from Mumbai city during the 2nd surge of COVID-19 (April 2021 to June 2021). SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19, was detected in 76.2% and 4.8% of raw and secondary...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - May 3, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Effect Analysis of Different Environmental Disinfection Methods on Reducing Contamination of Surfaces by the Omicron BA.2.2 Variant of SARS-CoV-2 and the Characteristics of Fomite Contamination in the Fever Clinic in the Out-Broken of Shanghai
This study aimed to investigate the effect of different environmental disinfection methods on reducing contaminated surfaces (CSs) by the Omicron BA.2.2 variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the fever clinic between March 20 and May 30, 2022, and to analyze the influences and related factors of CSs. This study includes survey data from 389 positive patients (SPPs) and 204 CSs in the fever clinic, including the CS type, disinfection method, length of time spent in the clinic, cycle threshold (CT) value, name, age, weight, mask type, mask-wearing compliance, hand-mouth touch frequency and sex. Associations between study variables and spe...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - April 17, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Genotype Diversity of Enteric Viruses in Wastewater Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
This study crucially presents the molecular characteristics of circulating AGE viruses, explaining the importance of SW investigation duri ng the pandemic when a clinical investigation may not produce the complete scenario. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - April 14, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Hepatitis E Virus RNA Detection from Hunted Wild Boars in Central Italy: an Epidemiological Investigation
In this study, 506 liver and diaphragm tissues were collected from hunted wild boars in the Southern Marche region (Central Italy) and were screened for HEV RNA detection. From the 10.87% of liver and 2.76% of muscle samples, HEV3 subtype c was discovered. T he observed prevalence values resulted in line with previous investigations performed in other Central Italian regions, but higher than Northern ones (3.7% and 1.9% from liver tissue). Therefore, the obtained epidemiological data highlighted the wide occurrence of HEV RNA circulation in a low-invest igated area. Basing on results, a One-health approach was adopted due ...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - April 7, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
