Coronavirus Persistence on a Plastic Carrier Under Refrigeration Conditions and Its Reduction Using Wet Wiping Technique, with Respect to Food Safety
In this study, a surrogate virus,Alphacoronavirus 1, was used to investigate the persistence of coronavirus dried on a plastic carrier at 4 °C. Techniques of wet wiping, with or without disinfectant saturation, were employed to evaluate their effectiveness in the elimination of the virus. If not wiped, the loss of infectivity of the virus on plastic surfaces was, on average, 0.93 log10 (i.e. 83%) per day of storage at 4 °C. Wiping with water-saturated material reduced the initial virus titre on the plastic carrier by 2.4 log10 (99.6%); the same results were achieved through wiping with bactericidal wipes containing e...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - October 15, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Aichivirus in Environmental Waters in Thailand
This study aimed to investigate the p revalence and genetic diversity of AiV-1 in environmental water samples in Thailand. A total of 126 samples were collected monthly from November 2016 to July 2018 from various sources of environmental water including irrigation water, reservoir, river, and wastewater. The presence of AiV-1 was detec ted by RT-nested PCR of the 3CD region and further analyzed by phylogenetic analysis. The AiV-1 was detected in 28 out of 126 (22.2%) of tested samples. A high frequency of AiV-1 detection was in wastewater (52.4%). All 28 AiV-1 strains detected in this study belonged to the genotype B and ...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - October 12, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Molecular Characterization of Norovirus Circulating in Northwest Mexico During 2013 –2014
In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of gastroenteritis due to NoV in the northwest of Mexico, including genotypes that have not been reported previously in Mexico. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - October 6, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Thermal Inactivation of Hepatitis A Virus, Noroviruses, and Simian Rotavirus in Cows' Milk
In this study, milk was treated with several temperature and time combinations chosen by performing a preliminary experiment to evaluate the intervals needed to inactivate Hepatitis A virus (HAV) HM175 strain, noroviruses genogroups I and II (GI and GII), and simian rotavirus SA11 at different temperatures. Results were obtained by measuring the genome copies and infectious units by real-time PCR and plaque assays respectively. At 85 °C, one minute and two minutes were needed to achieve 6.6 log10 ± 0.2 and 8 log10 ± 0 reductions of genome copies of HAV respectively. Similar genome copies reduction was also obs...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - September 14, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Antibodies Against Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in European Moose and White-Tailed Deer in Finland
In this study, we estimated the prevalence of HEV in Finnish cervid species that are commonly hunted for human consumption. We investigated sera from 342 European moose (Alces alces), 70 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and 12 European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). The samples had been collected from legally hunted animals from different districts of Finland during 2008 –2009. We analysed the samples for total anti-HEV antibodies using a double-sandwich ELISA assay. Seropositive sera were analysed with RT-qPCR for HEV RNA. HEV seroprevalence was 9.1% (31/342) in moose and 1.4% (1/70) in white-tailed deer. No...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - September 6, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Inactivation of hepatitis A virus and murine norovirus on surfaces of plastic, steel and raspberries using steam-ultrasound treatment
In conclusion, steam-ultrasound treatment can within seconds reduce the titre of foodborne viruses on surfaces of plastic, steel and raspberries. This may particularly benefit industrial scale production of soft fruits for raw consumption and for swift non-hazardo us decontamination of industrial kitchen surfaces. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - September 2, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Effect of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Nitrate on the Infectivity of Hepatitis E Virus
In conclusion, HEV is highly stable at high salt concentrations and at salt conditions usually applied t o preserve raw meat products. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - August 26, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Energy Requirements for Loss of Viral Infectivity
In this study, data from the literature is used to calculate the energy required for viral inactivation for a variety of different viruses by means of the Arrhenius equation. We find that some viruses (rhinovirus, poliovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus, and hepatitis A virus) have high inactivation energies, indicative of breaking of a chemical double bond. We also find that several viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, poliovirus, and norovirus) have nonlinear Arrhenius plots, suggesting that there is more than a single pathway for inactivation of these viruses. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - August 4, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Environmental Integrants Affecting the Spreadability of SARS-CoV-12
(Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - July 27, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Reduction of Pathogenic and Indicator Viruses at a Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Southern Louisiana, USA
AbstractMonthly sampling was conducted at a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in Southern Louisiana, USA from March 2017 to February 2018 to determine the prevalence and reduction efficiency of pathogenic and indicator viruses. Water samples were collected from the DWTP at three different treatment stages (raw, secondary-treated, and chlorinated drinking water) and subjected to quantification of seven pathogenic viruses and three indicator viruses [pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and crAssphage] based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Among the seven pathogenic viruses tested, onl...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - July 13, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Male-Specific and Somatic Coliphage Profiles from Major Aquaculture Areas in Republic of Korea
AbstractHuman and animal feces are important sources of various types of microbial contamination in water. Especially, enteric viruses, the major agents of waterborne infection, can attain long-term survival in water environments due to their strong resistance to various environmental factors including pH, salinity, and temperature. Coliphages are promising viral indicators for fecal contamination in water environments. Here, we investigated the seasonal and spatial distribution of male-specific and somatic coliphages in surface water and seawater at three major aquaculture areas, including Goseong Bay, Aphae Island, and G...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - July 13, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
An Optimised Direct Lysis Method for Viral RNA Extraction and Detection of Foodborne Viruses on Fruits and Vegetables
In conclusion, the new direct lysis method showed an overall better performance compared to the modified ISO 15216 standard and should be validated for implementation in analysis of viruses in foods of plant origin. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - July 9, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Reduction of Human Enteric and Indicator Viruses at a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Southern Louisiana, USA
This study assessed wastewater quality through the quantification of four human enteric viruses and the applicability of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as indicators of viral reduction during wastewater treatment. Thirty-three samples were collected from three steps of a wastewater treatment plant in Southern Louisiana, USA for a year between March 2017 and February 2018. Noroviruses of genogroup I were the most prevalent human enteric viruses in influent samples. The concentrations of PMMoV in influent samples (5.9 ± 0.7 log10 copies/L) and biologically treated effluent samples (5.9...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 30, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The Effectiveness of Activated Sludge Procedure and UV-C 254 in Norovirus Inactivation in a Tunisian Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant
AbstractThe molecular detection of Norovirus GI and Norovirus GII in the Tunisian industrial wastewater treatment plant of Charguia I was conducted to test the effectiveness of secondary biological treatment using the activated sludge procedure and the UV-C254 tertiary treatment radiation using a UV disinfection prototype to upgrade the quality of the purified wastewater. A total of 140 sewage samples were collected from the two lines of sewage treatment procedures. Norovirus GI and Norovirus GII have been found and quantified using Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) in 66.4 and 86.4% of th...
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 30, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Contamination of Clams with Human Norovirus and a Novel Hepatitis A Virus in Cameroon
AbstractShellfish constitute an important protein source but may be contaminated by viruses from various origins. A study performed on clams collected in Cameroon showed a high prevalence of norovirus and hepatitis A virus. After sequencing, the hepatitis A virus showed similarities with the genotype V simian strains. (Source: Food and Environmental Virology)
Source: Food and Environmental Virology - June 26, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
