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Interest in and perceived effectiveness of contingency management among alcohol drinkers using behavioral economic purchase tasks.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(1), Feb 2023, 127-139; doi:10.1037/pha0000580Contingency management (CM), in which financial incentives are provided upon verification of abstinence from alcohol, cigarettes, and/or illicit substances, is one of the most highly effective and empirically supported treatments for substance use disorders. However, the financial cost of implementation has been identified as a major barrier to implementation of this treatment. The purpose of this study was to develop behavioral economic purchase tasks to assess interest in CM as a function of treatment cost and perceived effe...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - June 16, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Interactive effects of protonated nicotine concentration and device power on ENDS nicotine delivery, puff topography, and subjective effects.
This study’s purpose is to determine, in cigarette smokers and ENDS users, the effects of three concentrations of protonated nicotine aerosolized at two different power settings. Forty-five participants (22 cigarette smokers and 23 ENDS users) completed some or all of six sessions that varied by liquid nicotine concentration (10, 15, or 30 mg/ml protonated nicotine) and device power (15 or 30 W). Participants took 10 puffs from each product and then used each product for 90 min ad libitum. Plasma nicotine concentration, subjective effects, and puff topography were measured. Results showed increases in plasma nicotine con...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - June 13, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Binding potential changes of SERT in patients with depression are associated with remission: A prospective [¹²³I]β-CIT-SPECT study.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(1), Feb 2023, 219-227; doi:10.1037/pha0000566The status of remission in patients with major depressive disorder treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is mostly evaluated with clinical rating scales. Morphological correlates of the remission status remain a rare event. Addressing this challenge, we investigated functional correlates of remission by assessment of serotonin and dopamine transporter availability (SERT and DAT) using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Our purpose was to identify changes in the SERT/DAT binding potential...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 23, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Effect of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist PT150 on acquisition and escalation of fentanyl self-administration following early-life stress.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(2), Apr 2023, 362-369; doi:10.1037/pha0000577There is comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and opioid use disorder (OUD), perhaps because PTSD-like stressful experiences early in life alter the hypothalamic–pituitary-adrenal stress axis to increase the risk for OUD. The present study determined if the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist PT150 reduces the escalation of fentanyl intake in rats exposed to a “two-hit” model of early-life stress (isolation rearing and acute stress). Male and female rats were raised during adolescence in either isolate...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 19, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Can I see some ID? Examining validity of the marijuana purchase task among late adolescent cannabis users.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(1), Feb 2023, 238-247; doi:10.1037/pha0000570Cannabis demand (i.e., reinforcing value) can be assessed using a marijuana purchase task (MPT; assesses hypothetical purchasing of cannabis at escalating prices) and has been related to use frequency, problems, and cannabis use disorder symptoms in adults. Cannabis demand has yet to be studied in adolescents, which can inform prevention and intervention efforts to reduce cannabis-related risks. The present study sought to validate the MPT with a sample of late adolescent lifetime cannabis users. Participants aged 15–18 year...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 19, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Examining the latent factor structure of a hypothetical cigarette purchase task among pregnant women.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(1), Feb 2023, 23-28; doi:10.1037/pha0000571The cigarette purchase task (CPT) is a valid behavioral-economic measure of demand that has smokers estimate hypothetical cigarette consumption under a range of escalating prices. The task involves no experimenter exposure of participants to smoking. CPT demand is measured in terms of five indices: intensity (cigarettes consumed at $0), Omax (largest expenditure), Pmax (price associated with peak expenditure), breakpoint (the first price at which consumption is 0), and elasticity (rate at which consumption changes as a function ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 19, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

"Dual use of alcohol and cannabis among college students: A reinforcer pathologies approach." Correction to Reed et al. (2021).
Reports an error in "Dual use of alcohol and cannabis among college students: A reinforcer pathologies approach" by Gideon P. Naudé, Derek D. Reed, Tyler J. Thornton and Michael Amlung (Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2021[Aug], Vol 29[4], 407-417). In the original article, in the Method section under Principal Components Analyses, it reads “We used a loading of ≥ 4.0 ... ” when it should read “≥ 0.40.” The correct loading criterion is listed in the Table 3 note. Analyses were run using the correct criterion. In Table 3, the loading for BP1 under the alcohol amplitude factor is “−0.4” when ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 16, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The validity of qualtrics panel data for research on video gaming and gaming disorder.
Crowdsourced samples are increasing in popularity, particularly within psychological and addictive behaviors research. The trend has resulted in significant interest in the use of panel samples for the examination of behavioral and substance addictions. One newer panel platform, Qualtrics, has seen an increase in usage in recent years despite lack of research examining the validity of Qualtrics-produced data for addictive behaviors. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the validity of Qualtrics-obtained data for the most recently classified behavioral addiction—video gaming. The evaluation compared a Qualtrics-r...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 5, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

From if-then to here and now: Using personalized counterfactuals from past negative experiences to reduce future alcohol consequences.
This study highlights the effectiveness of counterfactual thinking as a relevant harm-reduction strategy for alcohol-related outcomes in college students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 28, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Decision-making tendencies and voucher spending independently support abstinence within contingency management for methamphetamine use disorder.
This study of participants in a contingency management (CM) trial investigated whether decision-making and spending were each associated with future abstinence. Thirty-two outpatients with MUD, predominately male (68%) and mixed ancestry (94%) with a median age of 34 years, participated in an 8-week cash voucher-based CM pilot trial. Prior to commencing the trial, participants completed a computerized Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to measure decision-making preferences for more frequent rewards and longer term gains of greater magnitude. Spending and abstinence of participants were tracked over the duration of the trial. In a s...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 28, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Implications of epidemic-pandemic convergence for routine care adoption of contingency management: A case study.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(2), Apr 2023, 295-299; doi:10.1037/pha0000569The significant increase in opioid-related drug overdoses during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has put an unprecedented burden on hospital emergency departments, who saw as high as an approximate 150% increase in emergency department (ED) admission rates in the initial months of the pandemic. Although overdose is a clear sign of problem drug use, only a small proportion of nonfatal overdose patients enroll in treatment within 30 days of their overdose. To bridge the gap between opioid overdoses and treatment entr...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 28, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Changes in secondary substance use after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use cannabis: Findings from a web-based sample of adults in the United States.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(2), Apr 2023, 482-490; doi:10.1037/pha0000572The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had widespread impacts on mental health and substance use. Increases in cannabis use have been documented in the United States, but little is known about how other substance use has changed among people who use cannabis. We sought to examine changes in alcohol, tobacco, opioid, and stimulant use during COVID-19 and explore how these changes relate to patterns of cannabis use. Data were obtained from a web-based survey of adults in the United States who use cannabis (n = 1,47...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 25, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A cluster analysis of mothers of reproductive age based on their attitude and risk of alcohol use.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(2), Apr 2023, 397-403; doi:10.1037/pha0000567The rates of alcohol use and binge drinking are increasing among women. To examine factors that can differentiate women with low-risk alcohol use from those with high-risk alcohol use, the present study explored whether there would be distinct subgroups of mothers who differed in their attitudes and risk of alcohol use. A sample of 141 women aged between 18 and 50 years old who had given birth within 3 years was recruited on Amazon Mechanical Turk. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to categorize the mothers based o...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 25, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Conditioned anti-immobility by ketamine: A comparison to escitalopram and bupropion.
This study was designed to explore the clinical belief that “set and setting” play an important role in favorable responses to psychedelic agents such as ketamine (KET). In fact, there is evidence in animals that the antidepressant effect of this drug may involve drug–environment interactions in which a context paired with its effects acquires the ability to influence behavior. Therefore, it was investigated in male Sprague–Dawley rats whether exposure to a context paired with the effects of KET, or with the effects of the common antidepressant medications bupropion (BUP) and escitalopram (ESC), could produce an an...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 25, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A crowdsourcing survey study on the subjective effects of delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol relative to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.
This study queried Δ8-THC users about product use characteristics and self-reported drug effects. Participants were recruited via a large online crowdsourcing platform (Amazon Mechanical Turk). Adults (N = 252) with past year Δ8-THC use (35% with at least weekly use) completed surveys and open-ended questions related to their reasons for using and past experiences with Δ8-THC-containing retail products. Participants with past year use of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD; 81% and 63%) compared the effects of Δ8-THC to those of Δ9-THC and/or CBD by rating drug effects on a visual analog scale f...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 25, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research