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Intersection of minority health, health disparities, and social determinants of health with psychopharmacology and substance use.
These articles provide a window into the breadth of issues at the intersection of MHDS with psychopharmacology and substance use. Integrating the fields of psychopharmacology and basic behavioral addictions science with research on MHDS is not only of public health importance, but can help further elucidate our understanding of human behavior in all of its complexity. As demonstrated here, a better understanding of the synergy between societal context(s) and individual-level processes can lead to interventions tailored to specific risk and resilience factors; interventions that are personalized and contextualized have the ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - October 11, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Feasibility, tolerability, and potential advantages of a dyadic financial incentive treatment for smoking cessation among dual-smoker couples: A pilot study.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(6), Dec 2022, 1001-1007; doi:10.1037/pha0000521As of 2019, 34.1 million adults in the United States smoke cigarettes. People who smoke and who are partnered with other smokers (i.e., dual-smoker couples [DSCs]) represent an estimated two-thirds of U.S. smokers. DSCs face unique obstacles to quitting, are less likely to try to quit, and are more likely to relapse during a quit attempt. Although joint quit attempts hold promise for DSCs’ abstinence, few DSCs report trying to quit together. Financial incentive treatments [FITs]—where individuals receive monetary incenti...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - October 7, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Toward a new predoctoral model: Education and training in clinical psychopharmacology.
A ubiquitous research finding in regional and national studies is that at least 40% of persons with mental disorders cannot access mental health services, and pharmacotherapy in particular. The American Psychological Association’s (APA) designated programs for the provision of education and training in clinical psychopharmacology can be of great help in alleviating this national need. We address key developments relevant to the foundation of a predoctoral model of clinical psychopharmacology education and training. To this end, an overview of the Master of Science in Clinical Psychopharmacology (MSCP) program at The Chic...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - September 30, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Sex differences in associations between delay discounting and expectancies for alcohol analgesia.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(6), Dec 2022, 862-872; doi:10.1037/pha0000517Self-medication of pain with alcohol is prevalent, and expectancies for alcohol analgesia likely influence pain relief and alcohol consumption. Hazardous alcohol use has been associated with greater delay discounting rates; however, little is known about the relationship between delay discounting and expectancies for alcohol analgesia. Therefore, the present study examined sex differences in associations between delay discounting and expectancies for alcohol analgesia. Healthy drinkers without chronic pain (N = 53) completed m...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - August 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Sex-related impelling cues uniquely predict event-level alcohol-related sexual behavior that poses heightened risk for negative consequences among college women.
This study examined whether alcohol use, drinking motives, and sex-related impelling cues (i.e., cues that may impel one toward engaging in sexual activity) could predict sexual behaviors that pose heightened risk for negative consequences among female undergraduates. A total of 251 drinking episodes from 56 female college students (M age = 19.66) were obtained via surveys assessing alcohol use, drinking motives, sex-related impelling cues, and sexual behaviors at the event level. Relationships between variables were examined via main effect and factorial generalized estimating equations for social, enhancement, coping, an...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - August 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Examination of cross-group contact at work and school in relation to acute and retrospective discrimination experiences and drinking to cope for Black and White young adult drinkers.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(6), Dec 2022, 820-830; doi:10.1037/pha0000515Black drinkers experience more alcohol problems compared to White drinkers at comparable levels of alcohol use (Mulia et al., 2009; Witbrodt et al., 2014; Zapolski et al., 2014). Research has found that Black compared to White drinkers endorse drinking to cope more frequently via retrospective report (Bradizza et al., 1999; Cooper et al., 2008). Additional research is needed to understand contributors to these racial differences. The primary aim of the present study was to examine how quality and frequency of cross-group conta...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - August 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Prescription drug and alcohol simultaneous co-ingestion in U.S. young adults: Prevalence and correlates.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(6), Dec 2022, 797-808; doi:10.1037/pha0000519Simultaneous co-ingestion of prescription medication (e.g., opioid, tranquilizer/sedative, stimulant) and alcohol is associated with overdose and elevated substance use, but no studies have examined prescription drug misuse (PDM) and alcohol co-ingestion in U.S. young adults (18–25 years), despite the high rates of PDM in this age group. We used the 2015-19 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (young adult N = 69,916) to examine prevalence of past-month PDM–alcohol co-ingestion, PDM characteristics, and sociodemographic,...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - August 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Discrimination, psychological functioning, and substance use among U.S. young adults aged 18–28, 2017.
This study aimed to test whether (a) discrimination is associated with past 30-day/current alcohol, cigarette, e-cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use among Black and White U.S. adults aged 18–28, (b) psychological distress (PD) and positive well-being (PW) are mediators of the discrimination–substance use relationships, and (c) the associations are moderated by race and sex. Using data from a 2017 U.S. nationally representative survey we conducted multiple-group moderated mediation analyses among 2,192 young adults aged 18–28 (508 Black males, 594 Black females, 533 White males, 557 White females...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - August 16, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Motivational pathways to problematic drinking among Latinx college drinkers.
The objective of this study was to examine drinking motives as the most proximal pathways to problematic drinking that mediate the effects of personality and sociocultural distal antecedents among Latinx college drinkers. A total of 264 Latinx undergraduate drinkers (67% cisgender women, 31% cisgender men, 2% gender fluid/nonconforming individuals) completed a battery of self-report measures assessing problematic drinking, drinking motives, alcohol expectancies, sensation seeking, stress, campus climate, injunctive peer drinking norms, and familismo. Consistent with hypotheses, structural equation modeling revealed that co...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - August 16, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Recent alcohol-induced blackouts among heavy drinking college students: A qualitative examination of intentions, willingness, and social context.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(6), Dec 2022, 831-840; doi:10.1037/pha0000513One-third to half of emerging adult drinkers report experiencing alcohol-induced blackouts in the past year, and blackouts increase the risk for negative consequences. Qualitative methods provide valuable tools for scientific inquiry, allowing for in-depth understanding of lived experiences. The goal of the present study was to gain insight into emerging adults’ recent blackout experiences. One hundred heavy drinking college students (age 18–20) completed a baseline survey, 28 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - August 12, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The effect of area-level disadvantage and race on smoking abstinence in a clinical trial.
This study examined area-level socioeconomic disadvantage as a contributor to lower quit rates for Blacks who smoke among 223 Black and 221 White low-income individuals who smoke enrolled in a smoking cessation trial. Outcome was cotinine-verified abstinence at week 26. Census tract-level disadvantage was measured using 5-year estimates linked to participants’ home address and included percentage of: female headed households; public assistance; unemployed;25% having less than a high school education. A neighborhood disadvantage index score (DIS) was calculated as the sum of z scores for each variable. Black participants ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - August 9, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Effect of brief nicotine corrective messaging on nicotine beliefs in persons who use opioids.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(6), Dec 2022, 1008-1015; doi:10.1037/pha0000497This pilot study tested the effect of a brief nicotine education messaging exposure on beliefs about nicotine, nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT), and e-cigarettes. Participants ages 18 and older were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to complete a 20-min online survey in April/May 2020 to assess relationships between opioid use, smoking, and other behaviors. Participants with past-month extra-medical opioid use completed questions on background characteristics and literacy and then were randomized in a 2:1 ratio of two c...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

SIGH, what’s in a name? An examination of the factor structure and criterion validity of the (Structured Interview Guide for the) Hamilton Anxiety scale (SIGH-A) in a sample of African American adults with co-occurring trauma experience and heavy alcohol use.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(6), Dec 2022, 841-852; doi:10.1037/pha0000508The Hamilton Anxiety Inventory (HAM-A) is one of the oldest and most commonly used anxiety rating scales in clinical research. Despite its ubiquity, no studies have examined the scale’s underlying factor structure and criterion validity among Black and African American adults with psychopathology (Mage = 42.25, SD = 11.44). Therefore, we estimated a confirmatory factor analysis of the commercially available Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety scale (SIGH-A; Williams, 1996) among African American adults (n = 8...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A pilot randomized controlled trial of smartphone-assisted mindfulness-based intervention with contingency management for smokers with mood disorders.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(5), Oct 2022, 653-665; doi:10.1037/pha0000506Cigarette smoking disproportionately affects individuals with mood disorders, but smoking cessation interventions have modest effects in this population. Home mindfulness practice during abstinence incentivized via contingency management (CM) may help those in affective distress quit smoking. Method: Adult smokers receiving outpatient psychiatric treatment for mood disorders were randomized to receive a smartphone-assisted mindfulness-based smoking cessation intervention with contingency management (SMI-CM, n = 25) or enhanced...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Influence of personality on acute smoked cannabis effects on simulated driving.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(5), Oct 2022, 547-559; doi:10.1037/pha0000505A recent study of the impact of smoked cannabis on simulated driver behavior demonstrated a reduction in mean speed after smoked cannabis. Previous research identified an association between personality and individual differences and acute drug effects. The present study examined the impact of personality on the reduction in mean speed after smoking cannabis under single- and dual-task driving conditions originally reported by Brands et al. (2019). Sixty-one participants randomly assigned to the active drug condition completed...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research