Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology RSS feedThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

“Twenty-first birthday drinking: Extreme drinking episodes and white matter microstructural changes in the fornix and corpus callosum": Retraction of Boness et al. (2019).
Reports the retraction of "Twenty-first birthday drinking: Extreme-drinking episodes and white matter microstructural changes in the fornix and corpus callosum" by Cassandra L. Boness, Ozlem Korucuoglu, Jarrod M. Ellingson, Anne M. Merrill, Yoanna E. McDowell, Constantine J. Trela, Kenneth J. Sher, Thomas M. Piasecki and John G. Kerns (Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2020[Oct], Vol 28[5], 553-566). The explanation for the retraction: In preparing to use the DTI images for secondary data analysis, it was discovered that multiple participants had the wrong DTI data included for Session 1 analyses. This was due ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens/ventral capsule for severe and intractable opioid and benzodiazepine use disorder.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for SUD and the effects of DBS on substance use, substance craving, emotional symptoms, and frontal/executive functions. DBS electrodes were implanted bilaterally within the Nucleus Accumbens/Ventral anterior internal capsule (NAc/VC) of a man in his early 30s with>10-year history of severe treatment refractory opioid and benzodiazepine use disorders. DBS of the NAc/VC was found to be safe with no serious adverse events noted and the participant remained abstinent and engaged in comprehensive treatment at the 12-week endpoint (and 12-mon...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A mobile phone–based brief intervention with personalized feedback and interactive text messaging is associated with changes in driving after cannabis use cognitions in a proof-of-concept pilot trial.
Driving after cannabis use (DACU) is a significant public health concern and represents one of the riskiest cannabis-related behaviors. Though years of research has demonstrated that cannabis use impairs driving ability, many college students report believing that cannabis use does not impair their driving abilities. This perception of low danger may contribute to a permissive attitude toward DACU. The present proof-of-concept pilot study examined the preliminary efficacy of a mobile phone–based intervention with personalized feedback and text messaging to increase perceptions of dangerousness of DACU. Participants were ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Working memory and alcohol demand relationships differ according to PTSD symptom severity among veterans with AUD.
We examined the interaction of PTSD symptoms and working memory on four indices of alcohol demand measured from the APT; specifically, we used separate models to test whether associations between working memory and intensity (consumption at $0), Omax (maximum expenditure), Pmax (price at maximum expenditure), and elasticity (price sensitivity), differed as a function of PTSD symptoms. In a model controlling for hazardous drinking, average drinking levels, age, sex, marital status, occupation, and education, we observed a significant interaction between PTSD symptoms and working memory on elasticity, whereby greater working...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Self-reported symptoms of cannabis use disorder: Psychometric testing and validation.
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is commonly assessed using self-report items based on its symptoms as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) that are scored on a dichotomous scale (yes/no) to indicate symptom presence; however, scoring items on a dichotomy may result in relatively limited sensitivity for research. Thus, we developed a 13-item measure of CUD, the Self-Reported Symptoms of CUD (SRSCUD), based on the 11 symptoms described in the DSM-5 that is scored on a 4-point response scale indicating degree of severity. In the present study, we conduct an initial evaluation of the psychomet...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Self-administration of inhaled delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic cannabinoids in non-human primates.
Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids are abused in spite of possible adverse health consequences. The current study investigated the reinforcing effects of an ecologically relevant mode of administration (inhalation) of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, and three synthetic cannabinoids detected in synthetic cannabinoid products (JWH-018, JWH-073, and HU-210) in non-human primates (NHPs). Male and female (N = 4 each) rhesus macaques were trained to inhale warm air via a metal stem to receive a candy reinforcer, an alcohol aerosol vehicle was then paired with the candy. Dose-d...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Cumulative disadvantage as a framework for understanding rural tobacco use disparities.
Traditional tobacco product (cigarettes and smokeless tobacco) and polytobacco use rates are significantly higher among rural adolescents and adults compared to their nonrural counterparts. Such disparities are due to several factors that promote tobacco use initiation and continuation, including individual-level psychopharmacological factors and structural-level factors such as fewer tobacco control efforts (e.g., fewer smoke-free policies and lower tobacco excise taxes), targeted tobacco marketing, less access to health-relevant resources, and more positive cultural norms surrounding tobacco use in rural communities. In ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 20, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Influence of pregabalin maintenance on cannabis effects and related behaviors in daily cannabis users.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(5), Oct 2022, 560-574; doi:10.1037/pha0000464No medications are approved for cannabis use disorder (CUD), though a small clinical trial demonstrated that the voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) ligand gabapentin reduced cannabis use in treatment seekers. VDCCs are modulated by cannabinoid (CB) ligands, and there are shared effects between CB agonists and VDCC ligands. This overlapping neuropharmacology and the initial clinical results supported the evaluation of pregabalin, a “next-generation” VDCC ligand, as a CUD medication. Two separate placebo-controlled, do...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 13, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Influence of pregabalin maintenance on cannabis effects and related behaviors in daily cannabis users.
No medications are approved for cannabis use disorder (CUD), though a small clinical trial demonstrated that the voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) ligand gabapentin reduced cannabis use in treatment seekers. VDCCs are modulated by cannabinoid (CB) ligands, and there are shared effects between CB agonists and VDCC ligands. This overlapping neuropharmacology and the initial clinical results supported the evaluation of pregabalin, a “next-generation” VDCC ligand, as a CUD medication. Two separate placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced, within-subjects human laboratory studies tested placebo and 300 (N = ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 13, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Alcohol use and related consequences for monoracial and multiracial Native American/American Indian college students.
Native American/American Indian (NA/AI) and Multiracial people (those who claim multiple racial identities) report notably high alcohol use compared to other racial groups in the United States. Nearly half of the NA/AI population is also Multiracial, yet NA/AI and Multiracial college students report different motivations for drinking alcohol. Therefore, it remains unclear if NA/AI individuals who are also Multiracial are at different risk for alcohol use and negative alcohol-related consequences, and if there are distinct patterns of risk factors in these understudied populations. Because college-aged students are at risk ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 13, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Examining the heterogeneity of polysubstance use patterns in young adulthood by age and college attendance.
We examined PSU patterns by age and college attendance during young adulthood in two nationally representative samples. Using National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Wave 1 and NESARC-III data sets, multigroup latent class analysis (MG-LCA) was employed to examine PSU patterns based on age (18–24 vs. 25–34) and determine whether solutions were similar (i.e., statistically invariant) by college attendance/graduation. Classes were estimated by binary past-year use of sedatives, tranquilizers, opioids/painkillers, heroin, amphetamines/stimulants, cocaine, hallucinogens, club drugs, and i...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 10, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Examining the heterogeneity of polysubstance use patterns in young adulthood by age and college attendance.
We examined PSU patterns by age and college attendance during young adulthood in two nationally representative samples. Using National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Wave 1 and NESARC-III data sets, multigroup latent class analysis (MG-LCA) was employed to examine PSU patterns based on age (18–24 vs. 25–34) and determine whether solutions were similar (i.e., statistically invariant) by college attendance/graduation. Classes were estimated by binary past-year use of sedatives, tranquilizers, opioids/painkillers, heroin, amphetamines/stimulants, cocaine, hallucinogens, club drugs, and i...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - May 10, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Reinforcer pathology of internet-related behaviors among college students: Data from six countries.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(5), Oct 2022, 725-739; doi:10.1037/pha0000459Research has demonstrated that repeated engagement in low-effort behaviors that are associated with immediate reward, such as Internet use, can result in a pathological reinforcement process in which the behavior is increasingly selected over other activities due, in part, to a low availability of alternative activities and to a strong preference for immediate rather than delayed rewards (delay discounting). However, this reinforcer pathology model has not been generalized to other Internet-related behaviors, such as online ga...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 29, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research