Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) purchase task: Are results sensitive to price framing?
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(5), Oct 2023, 895-901; doi:10.1037/pha0000631Extension of the cigarette purchase task (CPT) to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is complicated by the heterogeneous nature of this product class, as ambiguity exists regarding the appropriate price-frame (i.e., unit of the product being purchased). We explored correlations between ENDS purchase task (E-CPTs) outcomes featuring two common price-frames: 10 puffs and 1 mL of liquid. Adult exclusive ENDS users (N = 19) and dual users of ENDS and cigarettes (N = 16) completed two own-brand E-CPTs. One E-CPT used “10...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Assessing cocaine motivational value: Comparison of brain reactivity bias toward cocaine cues and cocaine demand.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(4), Aug 2023, 861-867; doi:10.1037/pha0000622The behavioral economic measure drug demand and the neural measure late positive potential (LPP) are two measures of motivational value that have been associated with drug relapse risk and treatment outcomes. Despite having overlapping themes, no studies have directly compared drug demand and LPP. Participants (N = 59) included treatment-seeking individuals with cocaine use disorder that had completed both a baseline cocaine demand task and an electroencephalogram (EEG) picture-viewing task of drug-related and pleasant picture...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in nucleus accumbens, ventral hippocampus, and lateral septum reduce alcohol reinforcement in mice.
We report that infusion of exendin-4 in the ventral hippocampus or LS was sufficient to reduce alcohol self-administration with as large effect sizes as we previously reported with systemic exendin-4 administration. Infusion of exendin-4 into the nucleus accumbens also reduced alcohol self-administration, as anticipated based on earlier reports, while infusion of exendin-4 into the caudate-putamen (dorsal striatum) had little effect, consistent with lack of GLP-1 receptor expression in this region. The distribution of exendin-4 after infusion into the LS or caudate putamen was visualized using a fluorescently labeled ligan...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Intranasal racemic ketamine for patients hospitalized with treatment-resistant depression: A retrospective analysis.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(3), Jun 2023, 593-598; doi:10.1037/pha0000627Most research describing ketamine as a treatment for depression has relied on intravenous dosing. There remains a need for more research to support this treatment with other routes of administration. This was a retrospective chart review of 30 patients hospitalized with unipolar or bipolar treatment-resistant depression who were treated with up to four doses of compounded intranasal racemic ketamine (50 mg or 75 mg). Treatment courses lasted up to 7 days. Symptom improvement was measured with either the Hamilton Depression Rat...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Translational findings linking poor inhibitory control and heightened drug reward sensitivity.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(3), Jun 2023, 575-583; doi:10.1037/pha0000626Poor inhibitory control and heightened sensitivity to drug reward are two well-established risk factors for substance use disorders. Although these risk factors have traditionally been studied independently, there is reason to expect they may be related at the neurobiological level. Here, translational studies investigating the association between poor inhibition and greater drug reward sensitivity in both laboratory animals and humans are reviewed. Findings show that in animals, inhibitory deficits are associated with greater...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A longitudinal examination of alcohol use and emotion dysregulation in adolescence.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(2), Apr 2023, 414-422; doi:10.1037/pha0000624Underage drinking is a serious public health concern with magnified physical and psychological risks. Previous research suggests that emotion dysregulation is one factor linked to alcohol use. Limited research has examined emotion dysregulation and alcohol use in adolescent populations, thus the present study aimed to examine the links by assessing the role of emotion dysregulation and its subscales in adolescent alcohol use over time. Participants were 695 high school students, with 309 students having completed Time 2 data c...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - December 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Impact of fluoxetine preexposure on MDMA-induced taste avoidance in male and female rats.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(4), Aug 2023, 868-879; doi:10.1037/pha0000610The use of both prescription and illicit drugs creates the potential for drug interactions as a function of both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. One such interaction is that of fluoxetine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in which fluoxetine attenuates the positive-like effects of MDMA. The present work extends the analysis of their interaction by examining the impact of fluoxetine on the aversive effects of MDMA which in balance with its rewarding effects may mediate its abuse potential. Male and female ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 17, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Cannabis craving in response to alcohol cues among adolescents and young adults in the laboratory and in daily life.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(3), Jun 2023, 674-682; doi:10.1037/pha0000614Cannabis use among adolescents and young adults who drink alcohol is prevalent and relates to poorer clinical outcomes. Interrelated factors, such as cross-reactivity to alcohol cues, may contribute to the high prevalence of cannabis use among young persons who drink alcohol. We tested whether systematic presentation of alcohol cues in the laboratory and naturalistic presence of alcohol cues in daily life elicit cannabis craving. Data were compiled from two clinical trials. Participants (N = 54) were adolescents and young adul...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 17, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Frequency matters: Relations among alcohol and cannabis co-use frequency and alcohol use disorder symptoms in emerging adults.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(4), Aug 2023, 780-785; doi:10.1037/pha0000616Emerging adult alcohol and cannabis co-use is on the rise and enacts risk for alcohol misuse/alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, few studies have differentiated whether levels of cannabis use (rather than any cannabis use) moderate between-person risk. Considering low-frequency co-users may use both substances via substitution, low-risk/frequency co-use may not enact the same risk for AUD as higher risk co-use. The present study sought to test this assertion. Public access data on emerging adults from the National Study on Dr...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Precision medicine in alcohol use disorder: Mapping etiologic and maintenance mechanisms to mechanisms of behavior change to improve patient outcomes.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(4), Aug 2023, 769-779; doi:10.1037/pha0000613Precision medicine has been advanced as a potential solution to the problem of alcohol use disorder heterogeneity and modest alcohol use disorder treatment efficacy. The success of precision medicine lies in our ability to first identify the etiologic and maintenance mechanisms at play for a given person and then choose the treatment that is most likely to address such mechanisms. There exist several frameworks that describe empirically supported substance use disorder (SUD) etiologic and maintenance mechanisms (e.g., the Etio...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Delay discounting in adults with and without chronic pain: Differentiation across commodity and sign.
This study examined the discounting of gains and losses for monetary and pain outcomes among adults with and without chronic pain. Pain severity and pain catastrophizing (PC) were examined as additional moderators. This study assessed the discounting rates of 138 adults with chronic pain and 147 adults without chronic pain using online convenience sampling. Delay discounting was measured using an adjusting amount procedure, which titrates discounting rates based on participants’ responses to identify points of indifference. Adults with and without chronic pain discounted losses more than gains and discounted pain outcome...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Effects of short-term nicotine deprivation on delay discounting among young, experienced, exclusive ENDS users: An initial study.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(3), Jun 2023, 724-732; doi:10.1037/pha0000612Delay discounting describes how rapidly delayed rewards lose value as a function of delay and serves as one measure of impulsive decision-making. Nicotine deprivation among combustible cigarette smokers can increase delay discounting. We aimed to explore changes in discounting following nicotine deprivation among electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) users. Thirty young adults (aged 18–24 years) that exclusively used ENDS participated in two laboratory sessions: one with vaping as usual and another after 16 hr of nicot...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Behavioral economic relationship between cannabis flower and concentrates: Evidence from simulated purchase tasks.
This study examined the behavioral economic relationship between flower and concentrates, the two most common forms of cannabis. We surveyed 605 adult cannabis users (21+) who lived in one of the U.S. states that had legalized recreational cannabis by the time of interview in 2019. The participants completed simulated purchase tasks, which asked how much cannabis flower and concentrates they would purchase in the next 30 days at escalating prices. We estimated (a) demand indices and own-price elasticities using nonlinear exponential demand models and (b) group- and individual-level cross-price elasticities using log-linear...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Validation of the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire among student and nonstudent young adults.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(3), Jun 2023, 643-651; doi:10.1037/pha0000615The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (BYAACQ) is a widely used measure designed to assess alcohol-related consequences experienced by young adults, but little psychometric work has been done outside of college student populations. The primary goal of this study was to investigate if there were group differences between nonstudents (i.e., those without any postsecondary education) and college students (i.e., currently enrolled in a 4-year institution) on the BYAACQ in terms of (a) the “difficulty” level ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - November 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Heightened sensitivity to the disinhibiting effect of alcohol in women during the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 31(4), Aug 2023, 839-848; doi:10.1037/pha0000611Compared with men, women are disproportionately affected by alcohol, including greater risks of physiological damage, behavioral impairment, and relapse. One likely mechanism underlying the sexual disparity in this vulnerability is the fluctuation of ovarian hormones, particularly estradiol (E2), across phases of the menstrual cycle. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown that higher E2 levels positively correlate with drinking, suggesting E2 may play a significant role in modulating drinking. Inhibitory control a...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - October 20, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research