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Integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy for comorbid cannabis use and anxiety disorders: The impact of severity of cannabis use.
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is the most common illicit substance use disorder and individuals with CUD have high rates of comorbid anxiety disorders. Comorbidity between CUD and anxiety disorders is of public health relevance given that although motivation enhancement therapy (MET) combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious intervention for CUD, outcomes are worse for patients with elevated anxiety. Integrated cannabis and anxiety reduction treatment (ICART) was developed based on translational research; it integrates a transdiagnostic CBT for anxiety disorders with MET/cognitive behavior therapy (M...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Use patterns, beliefs, experiences, and behavioral economic demand of indica and sativa cannabis: A cross-sectional survey of cannabis users.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(5), Oct 2022, 575-583; doi:10.1037/pha0000462Cannabis products available for retail purchase are often marketed based on purported plant species (e.g., “indica” or “sativa”). The cannabis industry frequently claims that indica versus sativa cannabis elicits unique effects and/or is useful for different therapeutic indications. Few studies have evaluated use patterns, beliefs, subjective experiences, and situations in which individuals use indica versus sativa. A convenience sample of cannabis users (n = 179) was surveyed via Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). Partic...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Use patterns, beliefs, experiences, and behavioral economic demand of indica and sativa cannabis: A cross-sectional survey of cannabis users.
Cannabis products available for retail purchase are often marketed based on purported plant species (e.g., “indica” or “sativa”). The cannabis industry frequently claims that indica versus sativa cannabis elicits unique effects and/or is useful for different therapeutic indications. Few studies have evaluated use patterns, beliefs, subjective experiences, and situations in which individuals use indica versus sativa. A convenience sample of cannabis users (n = 179) was surveyed via Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). Participants were asked about their prior use of, subjective experiences with, and opinions on indica ve...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Correlates of the nicotine metabolite ratio in Alaska Native people who smoke cigarettes.
This study examined associations between nicotine metabolism, tobacco use, and demographic characteristics among Alaska Native adults who smoke cigarettes. Participants (N = 244) were Alaska Native adults who smoked and who provided a plasma sample at baseline (70.1%) or follow-up (29.9%) of a randomized controlled trial of a cardiovascular risk behavior intervention. At baseline, participants self-reported age, sex, Alaska Native heritage, cigarettes per day, time to first cigarette upon wakening, menthol use, perceived difficulty staying quit, tobacco withdrawal symptoms, and past-month tobacco product use, binge drinkin...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Acceptability and feasibility of incorporating contingency management into a public treatment program for homeless crack cocaine users in Brazil: A pilot study.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(5), Oct 2022, 507-513; doi:10.1037/pha0000467Homeless substance users are particularly hard to treat. In this pilot study, we evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of incorporating Contingency Management (CM) into a public Abstinent-Contingent Housing (ACH) treatment program developed to treat currently homeless crack cocaine users. A total of 21 homeless crack cocaine users were randomized to receive 12 weeks of ACH alone (n = 9) or ACH plus CM (ACH + CM) (n = 12). Twelve treatment providers in the ACH treatment program were trained to deliver the CM intervention....
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 12, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Acceptability and feasibility of incorporating contingency management into a public treatment program for homeless crack cocaine users in Brazil: A pilot study.
Homeless substance users are particularly hard to treat. In this pilot study, we evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of incorporating Contingency Management (CM) into a public Abstinent-Contingent Housing (ACH) treatment program developed to treat currently homeless crack cocaine users. A total of 21 homeless crack cocaine users were randomized to receive 12 weeks of ACH alone (n = 9) or ACH plus CM (ACH + CM) (n = 12). Twelve treatment providers in the ACH treatment program were trained to deliver the CM intervention. CM was rated as relatively (41.7%) or very (58.3%) easy to understand and relatively (50%) or ver...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 12, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Cognitive-emotional mechanisms of alcohol intoxication-involved HIV-risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM).
In this study, we tested whether alcohol-related deficits in inhibitory control and attention bias toward sexual cues (vs. condoms and neutral cues) accounted for increases in condomless anal sex (CAS) intentions after drinking among MSM. Heavy-drinking, high-risk MSM (N = 83) were randomly assigned to receive (a) alcohol, (b) placebo, or (c) control beverages before behavioral tasks assessing inhibitory control and attention bias, and a video-based sexual risk scenario that assessed several aspects of sexual decision making. Results showed that inhibitory control and attention bias to sexual cues did not mediate associati...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - April 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Factors impeding switching from clozapine to paliperidone among patients with chronic schizophrenia—A retrospective cohort study.
Clozapine is an old antipsychotic that is effective for schizophrenia, however undesirable side effects affect drug adherence. The present study aimed to investigate the predictors for failed switching from clozapine to paliperidone (FSCP) among patients with chronic schizophrenia. This 9-year (January 2010–December 2018) retrospective study included 78 individuals with schizophrenia who wished to switch from clozapine to paliperidone and resided in a nursing home in Taiwan. The univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model (Cox model) was applied to estimate the potential factors for subsequent FSCP, followed by ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 29, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Exploratory examination of the effects of d-amphetamine on active-state functional connectivity: Influence of impulsivity and sensation-seeking status.
Recent advances in diagnostic research identified that individuals with higher impulsivity and sensation-seeking scores tend to report more positive subjective responses to stimulant drugs such as amphetamine. The current exploratory study hypothesized that differences in underlying mesocorticolimbic circuitry may mediate the relationship between personality and responses to stimulants due to its previously established implication in reward processes as well as the overlap between its dopaminergic projections and the pharmacodynamics of many stimulants. Forty participants (20 female) were recruited with relatively high- an...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 25, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

No pain, all gain? Interim analyses from a longitudinal, observational study examining the impact of medical cannabis treatment on chronic pain and related symptoms.
Previous studies have demonstrated improvements in pain following short-term medical cannabis (MC) use, suggesting long-term MC treatment may alleviate symptoms associated with chronic pain. The goal of this observational and longitudinal study was to examine patients using MC to treat chronic pain pre versus post MC treatment. These interim analyses included 37 patients with chronic pain evaluated prior to initiation of MC treatment and following 3 and 6 months of MC use; pain, clinical state, sleep, quality of life, and conventional medication use were assessed. Correlation analyses examined the relationship between chan...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 25, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing for alcohol and cannabis use within a predominantly Hispanic adolescent sample.
We examined 6-month outcomes and mechanisms of change across Hispanic and non-Hispanic white youth. Treatment response was comparable across ethnicities (Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic white youth). Additionally, adolescents in the MI condition showed greater reductions in alcohol use compared to those in ACE, with support for motivation and self-efficacy as mechanisms of treatment response. Direct effects of MI on cannabis use were not observed; however, a significant indirect effect of motivation was observed for reductions in cannabis use. Data support the efficacy of MI in reducing adolescent alcohol use, through the vehicl...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Expectation for stimulant type modifies caffeine’s effects on mood and cognition among college students.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(5), Oct 2022, 525-535; doi:10.1037/pha0000448Caffeine is regularly used by college students to enhance mood and academic performance. Although high doses confer risk for negative consequences, moderate doses of caffeine may lead to acute improvements in mood and cognitive functioning. Notably, the pharmacological effects of caffeine may be enhanced by expectancy effects. College students may also engage in nonmedical prescription stimulant use for similar purposes, as students expect strong cognitive enhancement from prescription stimulants and consider them to be more e...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - March 18, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research