Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Dual study describing patient-driven harm reduction goal-setting among people experiencing homelessness and alcohol use disorder.
This study built on positive efficacy trial findings, indicating participants’ generation of goals was associated with improved treatment outcomes. More research is needed to further understand more nuanced relationships between harm-reduction goal-setting and treatment outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Psychometric validation of the Protective Drinking Practices Scale in college students across the United States.
The present study tested the psychometric properties of a new 20-item alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) measure, the Protective Drinking Practices Scale (PDPS). Specifically, we evaluated measurement invariance of the PDPS in a sample of college students recruited nationally, tested the factor structure, evaluated construct validity, and explored potential short-form versions. Participants were 684 college student drinkers from throughout the United States (50.3% male; 65.6% White) obtained using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) who completed measures of PBS use, hazardous drinking, alcohol-related negative ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A comprehensive review of measures of protective behavioral strategies across various risk factors and associated PBS-related interventions.
Harm reduction is a framework that places substance use on a spectrum from total abstinence to continued controlled use. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are a set of individually implemented harm reduction strategies that have shown to reduce the rate of use and severity of consequences from risky behaviors. Previous research has shown that PBS use effectively reduces negative consequences. The present study provides an overview of the literature on PBS measures for various risk behaviors, and common interventions used in conjunction with PBS. Of the articles reviewed, 15 validated PBS measures were found and eight ...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The discounting of death: Probability discounting of heroin use by fatal overdose likelihood and drug purity.
This study evaluated the influence of sample impurity and fatal overdose risk on hypothetical heroin use. Individuals who currently use heroin (n = 69) were recruited online. Participants completed two probability-discounting tasks evaluating the likelihood of using a sample of heroin based on the likelihood of sample impurity and likelihood of fatal overdose, where greater discounting represented reduced use likelihood. Prior to completing the probability-discounting tasks, participants were randomized to read one of four prompts varying by the presence of information on heroin effects and active (e.g., fentanyl) or inert...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Promoting harm reduction as a treatment outcome in substance use disorders.
This is an introduction to the special issue “Utilizing Translational Approaches to Advance Harm Reduction Strategies for Sub stance Use Disorders.” (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Pathways linking ethnic discrimination and drug-using peer affiliation to underage drinking status among Mexican-origin adolescents.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(5), Oct 2022, 609-619; doi:10.1037/pha0000504Using a three-wave longitudinal data set of Mexican-origin adolescents (N = 602, Mage = 12.92, SD = 0.91 at Wave 1), this study examines parallel pathways from early exposure to ethnic discrimination and drug-using peers, separately, to underage drinking status by late adolescence. Negative affect was expected to mediate the link from ethnic discrimination to underage drinking status (the stress-induced pathway), whereas social alcohol expectancy was expected to mediate the link from drug-using peers to underage drinking statu...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 5, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Pathways linking ethnic discrimination and drug-using peer affiliation to underage drinking status among Mexican-origin adolescents.
Using a three-wave longitudinal data set of Mexican-origin adolescents (N = 602, Mage = 12.92, SD = 0.91 at Wave 1), this study examines parallel pathways from early exposure to ethnic discrimination and drug-using peers, separately, to underage drinking status by late adolescence. Negative affect was expected to mediate the link from ethnic discrimination to underage drinking status (the stress-induced pathway), whereas social alcohol expectancy was expected to mediate the link from drug-using peers to underage drinking status (the socialization pathway). Our findings lend support to the stress-induced pathway while contr...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 5, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Diversity inclusion in United States opioid pharmacological treatment trials: A systematic review.
In conclusion, it is critical that all people receive efficacious pharmacological care for OUDs given the ongoing opioid epidemic. Findings from the present review, however, support that participants from diverse or marginalized backgrounds are underrepresented in treatment trials, despite being at increased risk for disparities related to OUDs. Suggestions for future research are advanced. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 5, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The cultural equivalence of measurement in substance use research.
Across a wide range of substance use outcomes, ethnic/racial minorities in the U.S. experience a disproportionately higher burden of negative health outcomes and/or lower levels of access to care (relative to non-Latinx White individuals). Various explanations for these substance use-related health disparities have been proposed. This narrative review will not focus on the theoretical content of these explanations but will instead focus on the underlying statistical frameworks that are used to test such theories. Here, we provide a narrative review of psychometric critiques of cross-cultural research, which collectively su...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - July 5, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Reinforcement enhancement by nicotine: A novel abuse-liability assessment of e-cigarettes in young adults.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(6), Dec 2022, 959-972; doi:10.1037/pha0000496Nicotine can act as a primary positive reinforcer, and as negative reinforcer to relieve withdrawal; we tested whether it can also enhance the reinforcing efficacy of non-drug reinforcers. Young-adult never-users were delivered nicotine via e-cigarette, and a videogame reinforcer was used to test nicotine enhancement. Three dose groups were tested (placebo-only, 6 or 12-mg nicotine), and participants returned to the lab for several sessions over the course of 1 month. Those in the two nicotine-dose groups received placebo on s...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - June 24, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Chronic pain and COVID-19: The association of delay discounting with perceived stress and pain severity.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 30(5), Oct 2022, 692-700; doi:10.1037/pha0000479The coronavirus disease pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide threat to public health that has significantly affected the United States. The pandemic poses a variety of health risks including stressful disruptions in social and economic activity. Understanding the pandemic’s effects on already vulnerable populations, such as individuals with chronic pain, may inform healthcare preparation for future catastrophic events. Given the association between excessive discounting of delayed rewards and chronic pain, this study e...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - June 24, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Narrative theory IV: Within-subject effects of active and control scarcity narratives on delay discounting in alcohol use disorder.
In this study, active and control scarcity narratives were administered within-subject in a sample of individuals meeting criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Individuals with AUD (N = 81; 26.9% female) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. After assignment to the job (N = 42) or storm (N = 39) narrative groups, participants completed delay discounting tasks while imagining an active (job loss/hurricane) and control (job neutral/mild storm) condition. Both active narratives increased delay discounting relative to the corresponding control condition (p (Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology)
Source: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology - June 24, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research