Feasibility and Acceptability of an Intervention Providing Computer-Generated Tailored Feedback to Target Alcohol Consumption and Depressive Symptoms in Proactively Recruited Health Care Patients and Reactively Recruited Media Volunteers: Results of a Pilot Study
Conclusion: The intervention was technically and logistically feasible, well accepted, and may have the potential to reduce hazardous drinking and depressive symptoms in different populations. Subsamples differed in terms of problem severity, motivation to change, intervention usage, pre-post changes, and attitudes toward the intervention, showing that intervention development should involve the intended target populations to avoid biased conclusions on intervention effectiveness and acceptability.Eur Addict Res 2019;25:119 –131 (Source: European Addiction Research)
Source: European Addiction Research - March 31, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Smoking Behavior of Women Before, During, and after Pregnancy: Indicators of Smoking, Quitting, and Relapse
Conclusions: One of the key findings of this study suggests that it is essential that partners quit smoking before pregnancy and do not smoke during pregnancy. If partners continue smoking during pregnancy, they should quit smoking postpartum. Health care professionals can play an important role in addressing partners ’ smoking and giving them evidence-based cessation support before, during, and after pregnancy.Eur Addict Res 2019;25:132 –144 (Source: European Addiction Research)
Source: European Addiction Research - March 31, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Thiamine Substitution in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Narrative Review of Medical Guidelines
Conclusion: Substitution of parenteral thiamine in individuals with suspected WE is a well-established treatment regimen. However, suggestions according to guidelines vary widely. Furthermore, hardly any evidence-based recommendations exist on a more general use of thiamine as a preventative intervention in individuals with AUD. Further research is of utmost importance to raise awareness for this potentially undervalued problem.Eur Addict Res 2019;25:103 –110 (Source: European Addiction Research)
Source: European Addiction Research - March 21, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
History of Lifetime Cannabis Use Is Associated with Better Cognition and Worse Real-World Functioning in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Conclusions: Lifetime cannabis use is associated with better working memory and processing speed and worse real-world functioning in the area of socially useful activities in patients with schizophrenia-related disorders. Clinicians should, therefore, be aware of it to provide patient-centred care in their daily clinical practice.Eur Addict Res 2019;25:111 –118 (Source: European Addiction Research)
Source: European Addiction Research - March 21, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Status in a Mixed Gender Population of Opioid-Maintained Prison Inmates
Conclusion: There is a need for assessment of ADHD and other psychiatric comorbidities in OMT prisoners. Evidence-based treatment should be routinely provided.Eur Addict Res 2019;25:80 –92 (Source: European Addiction Research)
Source: European Addiction Research - February 18, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Identification and Assessment of Drug-User Groups Among Nightlife Attendees: Self-Reports, Breathalyzer-Tests and Oral Fluid Drug Tests
Conclusions: Despite some discrepancies between self-reports and biological tests, self-reports proved both suitable and useful in identification of substantively different drug-user typologies, potentially informing targeted policy responses. Still, methodological challenges associated with onsite studies of illicit drug use should be further explored.Eur Addict Res 2019;25:93 –102 (Source: European Addiction Research)
Source: European Addiction Research - February 18, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Psychometric Properties of the AUDIT, AUDIT-C, CRAFFT and ASSIST-Y among Swedish Adolescents
Conclusion: Based on the current sample, ASSIST-Y and the CRAFFT performed better than AUDIT and AUDIT-C. Health-care clinics working with adolescents should carefully consider their choice of screening instruments.Eur Addict Res 2019;25:68 –77 (Source: European Addiction Research)
Source: European Addiction Research - February 6, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Addiction Research and Socialpsychiatry Between Machiavelli and Modern Art
Eur Addict Res 2019;25:78 –79 (Source: European Addiction Research)
Source: European Addiction Research - February 6, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Intravenous Misuse of Methadone, Buprenorphine and Buprenorphine-Naloxone in Patients Under Opioid Maintenance Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study
Conclusions: We offered new information on factors associated with intravenous OMT misuse, repeated misuse and ER admission in Italian patients under OMT. Our data indicate that BUP-NLX misuse is not different from that of BUP or MET. Choosing the more expensive BUP-NLX over MET will likely not lead to the expected reduction of the risk of injection misuse of the OMT. Instead of prescribing new and expensive OMT formulations, addiction unit physicians and medical personnel should better focus on patient ’s features that are associated with a higher likelihood of misuse. Care should be paid to concurrent benzodiazepine an...
Source: European Addiction Research - January 31, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Effect of Assertive Community Treatment for Patients with Substance Use Disorder: A Systematic Review
Conclusions: The results of the very few existing randomized control studies are mixed. Treatment engagement was higher for ACT in 4 datasets. One dataset reported higher service contact rates for the ACT group than for controls. In 2 datasets a positive effect on hospitalization rates was found. Higher fidelity to the ACT model appears to improve outcomes. Substance use reduced only in half of the datasets, of which only one showed a significant reduction in the ACT group. Overall, ACT is a promising approach that may be useful for promoting treatment engagement for patients with SUD. According to earlier studies on patie...
Source: European Addiction Research - January 31, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
DNA Methylation of the Leptin Gene Promoter is Altered by Chronic Alcohol Exposure in an Animal Model for Alcohol Dependence
The objective of our study was to investigate the dynamics of leptin gene promoter methylation during alcohol withdrawal and specific treatment in a rodent (rat) model for alcohol dependence. DNA methylation was measured using direct bisulfite sequencing at 0 h, 24 h, and 6 days of alcohol withdrawal as well as after treatment with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), Beta-Endorphin, or saline. We found significantly lower methylation levels in alcohol-consuming animals compared to alcohol-na ïve animals. During 6 days of alcohol deprivation, this difference in methylation vanished. Leptin methylation of the ...
Source: European Addiction Research - January 16, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Intrapretuvalisuse of Methadone, Buprenorphine and Buprenorphine-Naloxone in Patients Under Opioid Maintenance Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study
Conclusions: We offered new information on factors associated with intravenous OMT misuse, repeated misuse and ER admission in Italian patients under OMT. Our data indicate that BUP-NLX misuse is not different from that of BUP or MET. Choosing the more expensive BUP-NLX over MET will likely not lead to the expected reduction of the risk of injection misuse of the OMT. Instead of prescribing new and expensive OMT formulations, addiction unit physicians and medical personnel should better focus on patient ’s features that are associated with a higher likelihood of misuse. Care should be paid to concurrent benzodiazepine an...
Source: European Addiction Research - January 13, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Substance Abuse-Related Self-Stigma in Women with Substance Use Disorder and Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Conclusions: The progressive model of self-stigma could be confirmed in women with SUD and PTSD, but PTSD severity and childhood trauma did not directly affect this process. Self-stigma appears to be related to depression in a stronger way than PTSD is related to women with SUD and PTSD.Eur Addict Res 2019;25:20 –29 (Source: European Addiction Research)
Source: European Addiction Research - January 13, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Gambling on Smartphones: A Study of a Potentially Addictive Behaviour in a Naturalistic Setting
Smartphone users engage extensively with their devices, on an intermittent basis for short periods of time. These patterns of behaviour have the potential to make mobile gambling especially perseverative. This paper reports the first empirical study of mobile gambling in which a simulated gambling app was used to measure gambling behaviour in phases of acquisition and extinction. We found that participants showed considerable perseverance in the face of continued losses that were linearly related to their prior engagement with the app. Latencies between gambles were associated with the magnitude of reinforcement; more posi...
Source: European Addiction Research - January 13, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
The Effects of Oxytocin on Withdrawal, Craving and Stress Response in Heroin-Dependent Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Opioid dependence is an increasing clinical and public health problem. Current pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy and cause serious side effects. Increasing bodies of evidences suggest the neuropeptide, oxytocin (OT), as a potential treatment for drug abuse disorders. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of OT on withdrawal, craving and anxiety scores, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) blood level in heroin-dependent male patients. This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 58 males with opioid dependence by Abstinence Center of Addictive People...
Source: European Addiction Research - January 13, 2019 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
