Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma: Diagnostic Controversies and Emerging Therapeutic Targets
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe pathogenesis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is controversial, and no genetic abnormality has consistently been identified in the disease. Focusing on the diagnostic challenges encountered in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, the following review aims at summarizing the tumor ’s active neoplastic pathways while highlighting therapeutic modalities that could potentially be explored to enhance patient survivorship.Recent FindingsOwing to the challenging examination of small needle biopsy sampling as well as the disease ’s overlapping morphological and immunohistochemical features with other...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - August 21, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Cardiac Arrhythmias in Oncological Patients —Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Management within the Context of the New ESC 2022 Guidelines
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an update on epidemiology, risk factors, and management of cardiac arrhythmias in oncological patients within the context of the new European Society of Cardiology 2022 guidelines on cardio-oncology.Recent FindingsOne of the side effects of different chemotherapeutics is their pro-arrhythmic activity. Both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias may be induced by cancer itself or by anticancer treatment. Recent studies report on the cardiotoxic activity of such promising therapies as BRAF and MEK inhibitors, or CAR-T therapy.SummaryRisk factors of arrhythmias in oncological patients overlap w...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - August 17, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Enhanced Recovery in Gynecologic Oncology Surgery —State of the Science
AbstractPurposeof ReviewThe purpose of this review is to describe the state of the science of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in gynecologic oncology.Recent FindingsOver the last 5 years, there is mounting evidence supporting ERAS in gynecologic oncology surgery. Despite this, surveys have found suboptimal uptake of ERAS, and stakeholders have highlighted the difficulty of ERAS implementation as a major barrier. To address this, the core components required for a successful ERAS implementation program (protocol, ERAS team, audit system) are reviewed. ERAS developments specific to gynecologic oncology are also disc...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - July 25, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Current Oncology Reports: Enhanced Recovery in Gynecologic Oncology Surgery —State of the Science
AbstractPurposeof ReviewThe purpose of this review is to describe the state of the science of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in gynecologic oncology.Recent FindingsOver the last 5 years, there is mounting evidence supporting ERAS in gynecologic oncology surgery. Despite this, surveys have found suboptimal uptake of ERAS, and stakeholders have highlighted the difficulty of ERAS implementation as a major barrier. To address this, the core components required for a successful ERAS implementation program (protocol, ERAS team, audit system) are reviewed. ERAS developments specific to gynecologic oncology are also disc...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - July 25, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Disease Assessments in Patients with Glioblastoma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe neuro-oncology team faces a unique challenge when assessing treatment response in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the standard imaging modality for measuring therapeutic response in both clinical practice and clinical trials. However, even for the neuroradiologist, MRI interpretations are not straightforward because of tumor heterogeneity, as evidenced by varying degrees of enhancement, infiltrating tumor patterns, cellular densities, and vasogenic edema. The situation is even more perplexing following therapy since treatment-related changes can mi...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - July 20, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Kidney Cancer Integrative Oncology: Possible Options for Care
This study aims to review how complementary and integrative medicine (CIM), defined as therapies utilizing nutrition, physical activity, herbs, supplements, mind-body therapies, homeopathy, and other non-traditional therapies, can address the prevention, treatment, side effects, and recurrence of kidney cancer. This review discusses advances and discoveries in research, gaps in research, current debates on the subject, and directions for future research. We queried Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed databases using the search terms kidney cancer, integrative medicine, integrative oncology, nutrition, supplements, treatment, preventio...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - July 19, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Extramammary Paget Disease: a Therapeutic Challenge, for a Rare Entity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewExtramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare entity which is more frequently localized at the vulva, though it only accounts for 1 –2% of vulvar neoplasms. It is a primary cutaneous adenocarcinoma whose cell of origin is still a matter of controversy: it can either arise from apocrine/eccrine glands or from stem cells. The diagnosis demands a biopsy and entails a histopathological analysis by which cells show similar characte ristics as breast Paget disease.Recent FindingsTreatment approach can entail surgery, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, systemic chemotherapy, and topical chemotherapy. For...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - July 8, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Pre- and Post-Microsurgical Rehabilitation Interventions and Outcomes on Breast Cancer –Related Lymphedema: a Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBreast cancer –related lymphedema (BCRL) is a debilitating progressive disease resulting in various impairments and dysfunctions. Complete decongestive therapy embodies conservative rehabilitation treatments for BCRL. Surgical procedures performed by plastic and reconstructive microsurgeons are available when c onservative treatment fails. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate which rehabilitation interventions contribute to the highest level of pre- and post-microsurgical outcomes.Recent FindingsStudies published between 2002 and 2022 were grouped for analysis. This review was...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - July 4, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The Future Glioblastoma Clinical Trials Landscape: Early Phase 0, Window of Opportunity, and Adaptive Phase I –III Studies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewInnovative clinical trial designs for glioblastoma (GBM) are needed to expedite drug discovery. Phase 0, window of opportunity, and adaptive designs have been proposed, but their advanced methodologies and underlying biostatistics are not widely known. This review summarizes phase 0, window of opportunity, and adaptive phase I –III clinical trial designs in GBM tailored to physicians.Recent FindingsPhase 0, window of opportunity, and adaptive trials are now being implemented for GBM. These trials can remove ineffective therapies earlier during drug development and improve trial efficiency. There ...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - July 4, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Resistance to KRAS G12C Inhibition in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAlthough the recent development of direct KRASG12C inhibitors (G12Ci) has improved outcomes inKRAS mutant cancers, responses occur only in a fraction of patients, and among responders acquired resistance invariably develops over time. Therefore, the characterization of the determinants of acquired resistance is crucial to inform treatment strategies and to identify novel therapeutic vulnerabilities that can be exploited for drug development.Recent FindingsMechanisms of acquired resistance to G12Ci are heterogenous including both on-target and off-target resistance. On-target acquired resistance inc...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - June 28, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo present the randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence and highlight the areas of uncertainty regarding direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT).Recent FindingsIn the last years, four RCTs have shown that rivaroxaban, edoxaban, and apixaban are at least as effective as low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for the treatment of both incidental and symptomatic CAT. On the other hand, these drugs increase the risk of major gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cancer at this site. Another two RCTs have demonstrated that apixaban and rivaroxaban also pr...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - June 6, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy: from Basic Biology to Clinical Practice
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThere have been increasing reports of cardiovascular complications of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leading to worse outcomes among patients with prostate cancer. While this may result from the direct effects of androgen suppression in the cardiovascular systems, there are ADT-type-specific distinct cardiovascular complications suggestive of mechanisms beyond androgen-mediated. Thus, it is critical to understand the biological and clinical impact of ADT on the cardiovascular system.Recent FindingsGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists cause increased cardiovascular events compared ...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - June 5, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The Microbiome in Advanced Melanoma: Where Are We Now?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes recent data linking gut microbiota composition to ICI outcomes and gut microbiota-specific interventional clinical trials in melanoma.Recent FindingsPreclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the effects of the gut microbiome modulation upon ICI response in advanced melanoma, with growing evidence supporting the ability of the gut microbiome to restore or improve ICI response in advanced melanoma through dietary fiber, probiotics, and FMT.SummaryImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting the PD-1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 negative regulatory checkpoints have transformed th...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - June 3, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Cured or Not? Long-term Outcomes of Immunotherapy Responders. Focus on Melanoma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrated robust antitumor activity and tolerable safety in advanced melanoma. Data on long-term outcome of patients who benefited from this therapy and who are still free of progression despite ICI discontinuation is now available. We review here the characteristics of long-term ICI responders and address the critical question of cure.Recent FindingsLong-term outcome of patients with metastatic melanoma enrolled in large phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials evaluating ICI in metastatic melanoma is now available. Durable responses, with more than 6 years of med...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - June 2, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Vascular Inflammation, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Diseases
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCancer and cardiovascular disease are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the USA. Cancer and cardiovascular disease have inflammatory underpinnings that have been associated with both the development and progression of these disease states.Recent FindingsInflammatory signaling has been found to be a critical event in both cardiovascular disease and cancer formation and progression. Further, many chemotherapeutic agents potentiate inflammation exacerbating existing cardiovascular disease or leading to its presence. The exact mechanisms of these interactions remain poorly understo...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - June 1, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
