All-Cause Mortality Risk Prediction in Older Adults with Cancer: Practical Approaches and Limitations
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe prediction of all-cause mortality is an important component of shared decision-making across the cancer care continuum, particularly in older adults with limited life expectancy, for whom there is an increased risk of over-diagnosis and treatment.Recent FindingsCurrently, several international societies recommend the use of all-cause mortality risk prediction tools when making decisions regarding screening and treatment in geriatric oncology.SummaryHere, we review some practical aspects of the utilization of those tools and dissect the characteristics of those most employed in geriatric oncolog...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - June 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Lymphatic Interventions in the Cancer Patient
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe incidence of lymphatic leakage (iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic) is growing in cancer population due to the increased complexity of the surgical procedures and improved overall survival in cancer patients. The purpose of this article is to review the contemporary approach in the field of percutaneous lymphatic embolization in cancer patients with lymphatic leaks.Recent FindingsSince the advent of intranodal lymphangiography in 2011 alongside with the MR and CT lymphangiography, the accuracy of diagnosis of the lymphatic diseases has significantly improved significantly. These advancements have tr...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - May 31, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Treatment Approaches for Melanomas That Relapse After Adjuvant or Neoadjuvant Therapy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEffective adjuvant treatment with immunotherapy and targeted therapy has significantly improved outcomes for patients with resectable locally advanced or metastatic melanoma, but a substantial proportion unfortunately relapse. Here, we review available data and explore evolving research which might impact decision-making in this setting.Recent FindingsSmall retrospective studies have explored pattern of disease relapse and observed outcomes of subsequent treatment. There are ongoing trials in the neoadjuvant setting which may provide valuable information regarding disease response and potentially c...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - May 31, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Mantle Cell Lymphoma: the Role of Risk-Adapted Therapy and Treatment of Relapsed Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, the current treatment strategies are recapped, evolving agents are discussed, and we provide guidance in treating R/R MCL.Recent FindingsThere has been an advancement in treatment using targeted therapy, cellular therapies including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and novel therapeutic agents including non-covalent BTKis, bispecific antibodies, and antibody –drug conjugates for treatment of refractory and relapsed mantle cell lymphoma.SummaryMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a mature B-cell lymphoma that is associated w...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - May 31, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The Provision of Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine Information and Services: a Review of World Leading Oncology Hospital Websites
ConclusionsDue to the lack of CAIM standardization worldwide, there is a need for increased CAIM information provision on hospital websites to better inform and empower patients to make well-informed decisions about their health. (Source: Current Oncology Reports)
Source: Current Oncology Reports - May 31, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Immunological Insights into Opioid-Free Anaesthesia in Oncological Surgery: A Scoping Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe influence of opioids on outcomes after cancer surgery when used, or avoided, intraoperatively remains unclear. There is a need to conduct a scoping review to explore the wider context and provide direction for future research. The review will examine the current state of evidence in humans, with a focus on immunological biomarkers and clinically relevant cancer outcomes in trials comparing opioid-free to opioid-based general anaesthesia.Recent FindingsThere is limited research on this subject area, which is mainly focused on breast cancer. The most frequently evaluated immunological parameter i...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - May 28, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Oncology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Lockdown Perspective
AbstractPurpose for ReviewThis perspective piece aims to understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the field of oncology, exploring the factors provoking a fall in cancer diagnostic rates, interruption of cancer screening programmes, disruption of oncological treatment and adjuvant care, and the necessary adaption oncological practice has undergone (and will be required to undergo) post-pandemic, including the shift to digital consultations.Recent FindingsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the field of oncological research has faced significant challenges. Yet, innovation has prevailed with new developments being made ...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - May 27, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
BTK Inhibitors and CAR T-Cell Therapy in Treating Mantle Cell Lymphoma —Finding a Dancing Partner
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review focuses on the feasibility of combining Bruton ’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors (BTKis) with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Potential scenarios for combination treatment with these agents are presented.Recent FindingsBTKis and CAR T-cell therapy have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for R/R MCL. Ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and zanubrutinib are covalent irreversible BTKis approved for R/R MCL. Brexucabtagene autoleucel was the first CAR T-cell therapy approved for R/R MCL based on findings f...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - May 21, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Integration of Liquid Biopsies in Clinical Management of Metastatic Prostate Cancer
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe field of liquid biopsies is constantly evolving through novel technologies. This review outlines current data on liquid biopsies and application to clinical management of metastatic prostate cancer.Recent FindingsTo date, there are three platforms with FDA approval for use in the setting of metastatic prostate cancer and others which have been clinically validated. There is substantial evidence supporting the use of circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration to guide prognosis in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Additional evidence supports targeted sequencing of CTC and c...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - May 16, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
What Causes Desmoplastic Reaction in Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMesenteric desmoplasia in small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (SINENs) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we discuss the development of desmoplasia in SINENs.Recent FindingsThe fibrotic reactions associated with these tumours could be limited to the loco-regional environment of the tumour and/or at distant sites. Mesenteric fibrotic mass forms around a local lymph node. Formation of desmoplasia is mediated by interactions between the neoplastic cells and its microenvironment via number of profibrotic mediators and signalling pathways. Profibrotic molecules th...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - May 13, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Diagnosis and Management of Stroke in Adults with Primary Brain Tumor
This article reviews the risk factors, clinical presentations, differential diagnosis, and the types of strokes frequently seen in patients with primary brain neoplasms. This includes a discussion of approaches with a review of the available literature and provides recommendations for primary and secondary prevention specific to this patient population.Recent FindingsStrokes in patients with brain tumors are often multifactorial. However, tailored approaches to stroke care are necessary to achieve optimal patient outcomes, AHA/ASA stroke guidelines provide little information on the management of stroke in cancer patients. ...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - May 11, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Evolving Treatment Approaches to Mucosal Melanoma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review mainly focuses on the unique features and the development of available therapeutic options for mucosal melanoma in different treatment settings, i.e., neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and palliative.Recent FindingsMucosal melanoma is distinct from cutaneous melanoma in epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular landscape, characterized by more aggressive biological behavior, lower mutational burden, more chromosomal structure variants, unique driver mutation profile, and distinct tumor microenvironment. Systemic therapy is generally less effective to mucosal melanoma than its cutaneous counte...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - May 5, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes: Transitioning Between the Old and the New
AbstractPurpose of ReviewParaneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are caused by nervous system-targeting aberrant anti-tumoral immune responses. We review the updated criteria for PNS diagnosis, incorporating novel information on clinical phenotypes, neuronal autoantibodies (Nabs), and tumors. The impact of the oncologic use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) on PNS occurrence is also addressed.Recent FindingsClinical phenotypes and Nabs are redefined as “high/intermediate/low” risk, following the frequency of cancer association. Nabs, the diagnostic hallmark of PNS, can target intracellular or surface neuronal p...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - April 27, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Letter in Response to ‘Approach to Oligometastatic Cancer in the Elderly Patient’
(Source: Current Oncology Reports)
Source: Current Oncology Reports - April 22, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Start of a New Era: Management of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in 2022
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHistorically, kidney cancer was diagnosed as either clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) or non-clear cell renal carcinoma (nccRCC). With further research into the pathophysiology of nccRCC, multiple distinct subtypes have emerged creating distinct diagnosis, such as papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (crRCC), or unclassified carcinoma (cRCC). Many other kidney cancer subtypes are now included in the WHO classification system.Recent FindingsThe prognosis for each of the more frequently diagnosed types is discussed here along with treatment recommendations. The ava...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - April 19, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
