The Underestimated and Overlooked Burden of Diarrhea and Constipation in Cancer Patients
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to summarize and discuss the diverse causes of two major gastrointestinal dysfunction symptoms, diarrhea and constipation, in cancer patients. We also discuss short- and long-term clinical, economic, and humanistic consequences, including the impact on cancer treatment regimens and patient quality of life, highlighting the limitations of the literature.Recent FindingsDiarrhea and constipation as a result of cancer and its treatment can risk the success of anti-cancer therapies by requiring treatment delay or withdrawal, and imposes a substantial humanistic burden in patients with c...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - March 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The Role of Hyperthermia in the Treatment of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHyperthermia is used to treat peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM), particularly during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). This manuscript provides a focused update of hyperthermia in the treatment of PSM.Recent FindingsThe heterogeneous response to hyperthermia in PSM can be explained by tumor and treatment conditions. PSM tumors may resist hyperthermia via metabolic and immunologic adaptation. The thermodynamics of HIPEC are complex and require computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The clinical evidence supporting the benefit of hyperthermia is largely observational.SummaryContinue...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - March 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Cancer Predisposition Genes in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs): a Review Paper from the Italian AYA Working Group
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe present narrative systematic review summarizes current knowledge on germline gene mutations predisposing to solid tumors in adolescents and young adults (AYAs).Recent FindingsAYAs with cancer represent a particular group of patients with specific challenging characteristics and yet unmet needs. A significant percentage of AYA patients carry pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPVs) in cancer predisposition genes. Nevertheless, knowledge on spectrum, frequency, and clinical implications of germline variants in AYAs with solid tumors is limited.SummaryThe identification of PV/LPV in AYA ...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - March 23, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma in the Elderly
This study aims to review the clinical experience of melanoma treatments in patients with advanced age.Recent FindingsDuring the last decade, the treatment paradigm for melanoma has changed dramatically with the use of checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, and targeted therapies. We reviewed both the clinical trial and real-world experience of these therapies in patients of advanced age, and discuss how a personalized approach should be taken for these patients with consideration of incidence and management of side effects.SummaryAlthough special consideration should be taken, immunotherapy, oncolytic viruses, and targ...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - March 22, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Antibiotic Management of Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: From Prophylaxis to Unusual Infections
We present a review of the different circumstances where hematological malignancies increased the risk of infections and which microorganisms affect these patients, their characteristics, and the suggested prophylaxis. (Source: Current Oncology Reports)
Source: Current Oncology Reports - March 22, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
