The Evidence for Using Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Prostate Cancer MR Imaging
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of artificial intelligence applied to prostate cancer MR imaging.Recent FindingsArtificial intelligence has been applied to prostate cancer MR imaging to improve its diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of interpretation. Multiple models have been tested for gland segmentation and volume calculation, automated lesion detection, localization, and characterization, as well as prediction of tumor aggressiveness and tumor recurrence.SummaryStudies show, for example, that very robust automated gland segmentation and volume calculations can...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - February 7, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Breast MRI: Clinical Indications, Recommendations, and Future Applications in Breast Cancer Diagnosis
This article aims to provide an updated overview of the indications for diagnostic breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), discusses the available and novel imaging exams proposed for breast cancer detection, and discusses considerations when performing breast MRI in the clinical setting.Recent FindingsBreast MRI is superior in identifying lesions in women with a very high risk of breast cancer or average risk with dense breasts. Moreover, the application of breast MRI has benefits in numerous other clinical cases as well; e.g., the assessment of the extent of disease, evaluation of response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), ...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - February 7, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Complementary and Integrative Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer
This article reviews research findings on the beneficial effect of use of CIM modalities in regard to pancreatic cancer, with emphasis on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Recent FindingsGiven the often-poor prognosis of the disease, patients with PDAC often seek integrative therapies to help manage the disease itself, to provide support through cancer treatment and its symptoms, and to provide emotional stress relief. Data is accumulating in the past few years on the potential benefits of CIM to the management of pancreatic cancer symptoms and treatment side effects, in order to augment supportive care. This data re...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - February 3, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Post-acute Care Needs and Benefits of Inpatient Rehabilitation Care for the Oncology Patient
This study aims to assess recent literature published on the post-acute care needs of cancer patients, specifically focusing on the acute inpatient rehabilitation setting.Recent FindingsThe neurologic cancer population appears to be the most studied oncologic population in acute inpatient rehabilitation studies within the past 5 years. This finding is consistent with prior findings from the past several decades. Recent trends in inpatient cancer rehabilitation note a population with lower admission functional status and shorter lengths of stay compared to prior studies. Despite these findings, the percentage discharged t...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - February 2, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Multimodality Therapies for Localized Prostate Cancer
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMultimodality therapy including radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy are frequently deployed in the management of localized prostate cancer. We sought to perform a critical appraisal of the most contemporary literature focusing on the multimodality management of localized prostate cancer.Recent FindingsMen who are ideal candidates for multimodality therapy include those with unfavorable intermediate-risk disease, high-risk disease, and very high-risk disease. Enhancements in both systemic agents (including second-generation antiandrogens) as well as localized therapies (suc...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - February 1, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Causes of Clonal Hematopoiesis: a Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewClonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an age-dependent process detectable using advanced sequencing technologies and is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize known causes of CH mutations and to identify key areas and considerations for future research on CH.Recent FindingsStudies have identified multiple potential causes of CH mutations including smoking, cancer therapies, cardiometabolic disease, inflammation, and germline risk factors. Additionally, large-scale studies have facilitated the identification of ...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - January 31, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Minor Salivary Gland Cancer of the Head and Neck: A Review of Epidemiologic Aspects, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes
This study aims to clarify the incidence, epidemiology, predictive factors, and outcome-based survival in a large cohort of patients treated at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (BNCI) over a 20-year period by comparing and associating the results of current articles on the world stage.Recent FindingsThe difficulty in developing an algorithm of treatment is due to the low number of cases when evaluated in a single institution and the variety of histological subtypes that have different behaviors and different treatments according to each anatomical location. We reviewed the experience of tertiary centers for the trea...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - January 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The Development of STING Agonists and Emerging Results as a Cancer Immunotherapy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNew therapies are needed to potentiate the effects of current immunotherapies and overcome resistance. The stimulator of interferon genes genes (STING) pathway is an innate immune activating cascade that may enhance current cancer immunotherapies.Recent FindingsPreclinical data has shown that the addition of a STING agonist enhances the effect of current treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies and radiation therapy. Early phase trials have demonstrated modest efficacy of STING agonists and revealed new mechanistic and technical challenges.SummarySTING agonists are a new class of a...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - January 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Patients with Cancer: When and How?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCancer-associated thrombosis is a leading cause of death among patients with cancer. Historically, thromboprophylaxis efforts have focused on the highest risk patients with cancer, including post-operative patients and hospitalized patients. This review covers not only thromboprophylaxis for these groups but also emerging data supporting prophylaxis in ambulatory medical oncology patients.Recent FindingsSeveral leading guidelines, backed by clinical trial data, now support the use of direct oral anticoagulants for select high-risk outpatients for primary thromboprophylaxis. However, uptake of these...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - January 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Nectin-4: a Tumor Cell Target and Status of Inhibitor Development
This study aims to gather the current state of the literature about anti-Nectin-4 innovative associations in solid tumors and to investigate underlying resistance mechanisms.Recent FindingsAntibody –drug conjugate (ADC) targeting Nectin-4 efficacy gained attention and offers a promising association with other antineoplastic drugs especially in urothelial carcinoma. The heterogeneity of Nectin-4 expression across the molecular subtypes was highlighted especially in urothelial cancers. A uniqu e study using preclinical models demonstrated an upregulation of P-gp expression, which may explain the anti-Nectin-4 resistance me...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - January 25, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The Microbiome ’s Influence on Head and Neck Cancers
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHead and neck tumors (HNC) rank sixth among cancers worldwide. Due to their late diagnosis and poor prognosis, they are a clinical challenge. However, recent years have seen a dynamic development of science on the microbiome. The aim of the study is to discuss the role of the microbiome in HNC, the impact of the microbiome on oncogenesis, the course of the disease, as well as on treatment, and its toxicity.Recent FindingsThe microbiome ’s influence on oncogenesis, the course of the disease, and the effectiveness of oncological treatment have been confirmed in cancers of the colon, pancreas, lungs...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - January 25, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Current Diagnostic Tools for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Abstract Purpose of ReviewBreast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) can have a significant impact on breast cancer survivors quality of life. The purpose of this review is to evaluate diagnostic tools for the assessment of BCRL.Recent FindingsMultiple BCRL diagnostic tools are available, though older diagnostic tools have low sensitivity, limiting the ability for sub-clinical BCRL diagnosis while BIS and perometry have increased sensitivity and the ability to diagnose BCRL sub-clinically. Prospective studies have demonstrated such an approach coupled to early intervention is associated with low rates of chronic BCRL whi...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - January 25, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Graft-Versus-Host Disease: an Update on Functional Implications and Rehabilitation Interventions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDespite advances in treatment, chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a highly morbid complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Due to direct effects of the disease on specific body sites, and its treatment, patients lose function. This review summarizes the latest evidence surrounding how cGVHD affects function, and restorative interventions.Recent FindingsDifferent body sites of cGVHD carry a higher risk of functional decline, including pulmonary and sclerotic/fascial. Support should be comprehensive and individualized, with precautions taken to avoid worsenin...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - January 21, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Where Are We Now with Liver Transplantation in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms? The Place of Liver Transplantation for Grades 1 and 2 Well-Differentiated Unresectable Liver Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumours
AbstractPurpose of Review
This review outlines the role of liver transplantation in selected patients with unresectable neuroendocrine tumour liver metastases. It discusses the international consensus on eligibility criteria and outlines the efforts taking place in the UK and Ireland to develop effective national liver transplant programmes for neuroendocrine tumour patients.Recent FindingsIn the early history of liver transplantation, indications included cancer metastases to the liver as well as primaries of liver origin. Often, liver transplantation was a salvage procedure. The early results were disappointing, inclu...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - January 17, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Belzutifan (MK-6482): Biology and Clinical Development in Solid Tumors
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the biology, drug development, and clinical data regarding the efficacy and safety of belzutifan (MK-6482), a small molecule inhibitor of HIF-2 α.Recent FindingsBelzutifan, a second-generation HIF-2 α inhibitor, was shown to provide clinically meaningful benefit in the treatment of VHL-associated tumors (including ccRCC, pancreatic lesions as well as neuroendocrine tumor, and CNS hemangioblastomas). The recommended dose of belzutifan is 120 mg orally daily and half-life is 14 h. In pretreate d ccRCC, belzutifan achieved disease control rate of 80% in phase I trial. The most common sid...
Source: Current Oncology Reports - January 11, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
