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SGLT-2 Inhibitors: Potential Novel Strategy to Prevent Congestive Heart Failure in Diabetes?
Abstract Sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have emerged as novel oral glucose-lowering agents for type 2 diabetes. SGLT-2 inhibitors improve glycemic control by blocking sodium-glucose cotransport in the renal proximal tubules, thereby promoting glycosuria. In this review, it is discussed mechanistically how SGLT-2 inhibitors might be particularly relevant to use in patients with or at high risk for heart failure. On a daily base, SGLT-2 inhibitors block ~330–495 mEq sodium reabsorbed in the proximal tubules, although substantial amounts can be reabsorbed more distally in the nephron. ...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - June 17, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Heart Failure: Friends or Foes?
Abstract Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Several risk factors have been identified that have been consistently associated with the development of HF, including type 2 diabetes and glucose-lowering agents. However, different drugs for type 2 diabetes may have diverse, and even divergent, effects on heart failure. The insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones have been associated with increased rates of HF in randomized controlled trials, whereas for other drugs, this relationship is less clear. Before the publication of the SAVOR-TIMI53 trial, available data sugge...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - May 28, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

The Unique Strengths and Leadership of Women in Cardiology in the Context of Team-Centered Medical Care, Academic Medicine, and Biomedical Science
Abstract Over the past few decades, increasing the number of women in cardiology has been a strategic goal of both the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. There is an increasing emphasis placed on the role of teamwork within clinical cardiology and in cardiology focused healthcare policy including patient-centered medical homes. Concurrently, studies from organizational and industrial psychology researchers have demonstrated the unique strengths of having women on strategic teams on both the collective intelligence and success of these teams. Social sensitivity likely medi...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - May 26, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Sex Differences in the Excess Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Associated with Type 2 Diabetes: Potential Explanations and Clinical Implications
Abstract Strong evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes confers a stronger excess risk of cardiovascular diseases in women than in men; with women having a 27 % higher relative risk of stroke and a 44 % higher relative risk of coronary heart disease compared with men. The mechanisms that underpin these sex differences in the associations between diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk are not fully understood. Some of the excess risk may be the result of a sex disparity in the management and treatment of diabetes, to the detriment of women. However, accruing evidence suggests that real biological diff...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - May 26, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Effects of Exercise on Gene Expression of Inflammatory Markers in Human Peripheral Blood Cells: A Systematic Review
Abstract Regular physical activity seems to be one of the most important contributors to prevent disease and promote health. Being physically active reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some types of cancers. The molecular mechanisms are however not fully elucidated. Depending on duration and intensity, exercise will cause disruption of muscle fibers triggering a temporary inflammatory response. This response may not only involve the muscle tissue, but also peripheral tissues such as white blood cells, which are important components of the immune ...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - May 20, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research